^Youmans, Robert J. Does the adoption of plagiarism-detection software in higher education reduce plagiarism?. Studies in Higher Education. November 2011, 36 (7): 749–761. doi:10.1080/03075079.2010.523457.
Citation patterns represent subsequences non-exclusively containing citations shared by the documents compared.[1][2] Factors, including the absolute number or relative fraction of shared citations in the pattern, as well as the probability that citations co-occur in a document are also considered to quantify the patterns』 degree of similarity.[1][2][3][4]。