模板:African hominin timeline

非洲人族演化時間線 （百萬年）
查看參考文獻

參考文獻

• Ar. kadabba: WoldeGabriel, G.; Haile-Selassie, Y.; et al. Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia. Nature. 2001, 412: 175–178. doi:10.1038/35084058. 
• Ar. ramidus: Semaw, S.; Simpson, S. W.; et al. Early Pliocene hominids from Gona, Ethiopia. Nature. 2005, 433 (7023): 301–305. PMID 15662421. doi:10.1038/nature03177. 
• Au. anamensis/afarensis/deyiremeda: Haile-Selassie, Y.; Melillo, S. M.; et al. A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. Nature. 2019, 573: 214–219. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1513-8. 
• Au. africanus lower, P. robustus upper, H. ergaster upper: Herries, A. I. R.; Martin, J. M.; et al. Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa. Science. 2020, 368 (6486): eaaw7293. doi:10.1126/science.aaw7293. 
• Au. africanus upper: Clarke, R. J.; Kuman, K. The skull of StW 573, a 3.67 Ma Australopithecus prometheus skeleton from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 2019, 134: 102634. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.005. 
• P. robustus lower: Herries, A. I. R.; Curnoe, D.; Adams, J. W. A multi-disciplinary seriation of early Homo and Paranthropus bearing palaeocaves in southern Africa. Quaternary International. 2009, 202 (1–2): 14–28. Bibcode:2009QuInt.202...14H. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.05.017. 
• H. ergaster lower: Klein, R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. Chris, S. (編). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson. 2005: 93. ISBN 978-0500285312. 
• Au. bahrelghazali: Brunet, M.; Beauvilain, A.; Coppens, Y.; Heintz, É.; Moutaye, A. H. E; Pilbeam, D. The first australopithecine 2,500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature. 1995, 378 (6554): 273–275. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..273B. PMID 7477344. doi:10.1038/378273a0. 
• Kenyanthropus platyops: Leakey, M. G.; et al. New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages. Nature. 2001, 410: 433–440. PMID 11260704. doi:10.1038/35068500. 
• LD 350-1: Villmoare, B.; Kimbel, W. H.; Seyoum, C.; et al. Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia. Science. 2015, 347 (6228): 1352–1355. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1343 . 
• P. aethiopicus/boisei: Wood, Bernard; Constantino, Paul. Paranthropus boisei: Fifty years of evidence and analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2007, 134 (Suppl 45): 109. PMID 18046746. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20732. 
• Au. garhi: Asfaw, B; White, T; Lovejoy, O; Latimer, B; Simpson, S; Suwa, G. Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science. 1999, 284 (5414): 629–635. PMID 10213683. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629. 
• H. habilis: F. Spoor; P. Gunz; S. Neubauer; S. Stelzer; N. Scott; A. Kwekason; M. C. Dean. Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo. Nature. 2015, 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. PMID 25739632. doi:10.1038/nature14224. 
• H. rudolfensis: Ungar, P. S.; Grine, F. E. Diet in Early Homo: A Review of the Evidence and a New Model of Adaptive Versatility. Annual Review of Anthropology. 2006, 35: 210. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123153. 
• Au. sediba: Pickering, R.; Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Jinnah, Z.; et al. Australopithecus sediba at 1.977 Ma and Implications for the Origins of the Genus Homo. Science. 2011, 333 (6048): 1421–1423. doi:10.1126/science.1203697. 
• H. rhodesiensis upper: Clark, J. D.; de Heinzelin, J.; et al. African Homo erectus: old radiometric ages and young Oldowan assemblages in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Science. 1994, 264 (5167): 1907–1910. doi:10.1126/science.8009220. 
• H. rhodesiensis lower: Grün, R.; Pike, A.; McDermott, F.; et al. Dating the skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, and its position in human evolution. Nature. 2020, 580: 372–375. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2165-4. 
• H. naledi: Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Roberts, E. M.; Hilbert-Wolf, H.; Kramers, J. D.; Hawks, J.; et al. The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa. eLife. 2017, 6: e24231. PMC 5423772 . PMID 28483040. doi:10.7554/eLife.24231. 
• H. sapiens: Richter, D.; Grün, R.; et al. The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age. Nature. 2017, 546 (7657): 293–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. PMID 28593967. doi:10.1038/nature22335.