主权公民运动
主权公民运动(英语:sovereign citizen movement)大致上是一种有相似主张的诉讼当事人(主要是美国)、评论人、反对税收示威者及金融产品推销员。他们认为自己只听命于一些对普通法制度的非正规诠释,只要仗恃这些诠释,就不受政府立法与司法程序约束。[1]他们在美国境内不承认美元货币,又认为自己不受规管方面的立法约束,例如汽车登记、赋税等等。[2][3]该运动的参与者创作出“联邦公民”的概念,视之“主权公民”的相反。他们声称自己受哄骗,所以接受了联邦法律的某些范畴,令自己不知不觉间丧失了“不受立法约束”的权利。他们相信一些类似法律程序的仪式能够恢复这些权利。[4]这些主张往往不受法庭认可,法官会以琐屑无聊为理由,以简易判决形式处理相关程序。美国联邦调查局将较为极端的主权公民列入本土恐怖主义者组织名单。[5]在澳洲及加拿大,类似的运动自称“土地上的自由民”(freemen on the land)。[6][7][8][9]
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑- ^ Laird, Lorelei, 'Sovereign citizens' plaster courts with bogus legal filings--and some turn to violence, ABA Journal, May 1, 2014 [June 22, 2020], (原始内容存档于November 2, 2014)
- ^ Yerak, Becky; Sachdev, Ameet (June 11, 2011). "Giordano's strange journey in bankruptcy". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ 'Sovereign Citizen' Suing State Arrested Over Traffic Stop. WRTV. April 6, 2012 [April 8, 2012]. (原始内容存档于April 10, 2012).
- ^ Carey, Kevin. Too Weird for The Wire. 华盛顿月刊. July 2008 [July 19, 2008]. (原始内容存档于March 4, 2016).
- ^ Sovereign Citizens A Growing Domestic Threat to Law Enforcement. Domestic Terrorism. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 1, 2011 [May 3, 2015]. (原始内容存档于December 10, 2011).
- ^ Graveland, Bill. Freemen-On-The-Land: Little-Known 'Sovereign Citizen' Movement Emerged From Shadows In 2013. HuffPost. The Canadian Press. [June 20, 2015]. (原始内容存档于June 20, 2015).
- ^ Wagner, Adam. Freemen on the Land are 'parasites' peddling 'pseudolegal nonsense': Canadian judge fights back. UK Human Rights Blog. 1 Crown Office Row barristers' chambers. [June 20, 2015]. (原始内容存档于June 20, 2015).
- ^ Rush, Curtis. Sovereign citizen movement: OPP is watching. Toronto Star. [June 20, 2015]. (原始内容存档于June 20, 2015).
- ^ The Law Society of British Columbia: Practice Tips: The Freeman-on-the-Land movement. [June 20, 2015]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于April 17, 2015).