棘山蚁属

棘山蚁属
	Polyrhachis gracilior（英语：Polyrhachis gracilior）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	蚁亚科 Formicinae
属：	棘山蚁属 Polyrhachis
模式种
	Formica bihamata（瑞典语：Polyrhachis bihamata）;
亚属
	Aulacomyrma; Campomyrma; Chariomyrma; Cyrtomyrma; Hagiomyrma; Hedomyrma; Hemioptica; Hirtomyrma; Myrma; Myrmatopa; Myrmhopla; Myrmothrinax;
多样性
	702 种
异名
	Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935; Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919; Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937; Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937; Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938; Johnia Karavaiev, 1927; Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944

棘山蚁属（Polyrhachis）又称多刺蚁属，为山蚁亚科下的属，主要分布于旧世界。共 701 个现生物种及 1 个化石物种^[2]。该属还未被完整地整理过，因此包含很多习性迥异的物种，如织叶（如双齿多刺蚁Polyrhachis dives ）、游泳（如Polyrhachis sokolova（英语：Polyrhachis sokolova） ）、土栖（如Polyrhachis proxima ）、树栖（如Polyrhachis bicolor ）。

形态描述

工蚁体长 5 - 10 毫米。具有复眼，无单眼。触角 12 节。触角着生处紧邻头楯后缘。有些物种中躯生有一个以上的棘，位于前胸背板、中胸背板或前伸腹节上。腹柄节生有棘或齿。第一腹垂节背板发达，从背面观其长度长于其他腹垂节背板总和。腹垂节尖端有开口可用于释放蚁酸，开口周围没有毛^[3]。

生态

棘山蚁筑巢习性多样，地栖、土栖、树栖都有。有些物种会利用幼虫的丝筑巢，这种行为类似织叶蚁属。

棘山蚁没有螫针，但他们有酸孔可以释放蚁酸，攻击时会先用大颚咬住敌人再释放蚁酸。棘山蚁没有后胸侧板腺，它们可能是用蚁酸来抵抗微生物，当无法使用蚁酸时，棘山蚁比较会受到微生物感染^[4]。有些物种行社会性寄生，如Polyrachis lemalidens，Polyrachis lemalidens 栖息于朝鲜半岛、中国和东北亚，于 9 月底至 12 月底婚飞，具体时间依气候而异。婚飞后蚁后会脱掉翅膀并寻找宿主，宿主通常为日本巨山蚁，但在朝鲜半岛主要宿主为 Camponotus atrox（瑞典语：Camponotus atrox），韩国的蚂蚁饲养者说 Polyrachis lemalidens 也会接受日本山蚁和 Camponotus quadrinotatus（瑞典语：Camponotus quadrinotatus） 作为宿主。找到宿主后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会攻击小工蚁并“复制”费洛蒙，重复好几次后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会潜入宿主的巢穴并进入蚁后所在的巢腔，它会咬住蚁后的后颈并吸取蚁后的血体液，还有“复制”费洛蒙，最后咬断宿主蚁后的脖子，整个过程需时 2 - 4 天，有时候可持续超过两个礼拜。Polyrachis lemalidens 寄生的过程和其他行社会寄生的物种大同小异。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[5]

Polyrhachis abbreviata
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) abdita
Polyrhachis abdominalis
Polyrhachis abnormis Donisthorpe, 1948
Polyrhachis abrupta Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis aciculatus
Polyrhachis aculeata Mayr, 1879
Polyrhachis aedipus Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis aenescens Stitz, 1910
Polyrhachis aerope Wheeler, 1922
Polyrhachis affinis
Polyrhachis agesilas Forel, 1913
Polyrhachis albertisi Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis alexandri Karavaiev, 1906
Polyrhachis alexisi Forel, 1916
Polyrhachis alluaudi Emery, 1892
Polyrhachis alphea Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis alphena Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis amana Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis ammon (Fabricius, 1775)
Polyrhachis ammonoeides Roger, 1863
安德森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis anderseni
Polyrhachis andrei Emery, 1921
Polyrhachis andromache Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis angusta Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis annae Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis annosus Wappler et al., 2009
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) annulata
Polyrhachis antennata Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis antinorii
Polyrhachis antoniae Stitz, 1911
Polyrhachis appendiculata Emery, 1893
Polyrhachis arachne Emery, 1896
Polyrhachis arcuata (Le Guillou, 1842)
Polyrhachis arcuspinosa
Polyrhachis argenteosignata Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis argenteus Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis argentosa Forel, 1902
阿玛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis armata (Le Guillou, 1842)
Polyrhachis arnoldi Forel, 1914
Polyrhachis asomaningi Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis aspasia Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis (Myrma) atalanta
Polyrhachis atossa Forel, 1913
Polyrhachis atropos Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis atrovirens Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis aurea Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis aureovestita Donisthorpe, 1937
Polyrhachis aurichalceus
Polyrhachis auriformis Donisthorpe, 1943
Polyrhachis aurita Emery, 1911
澳洲多刺蚁 Polyrhachis australis Mayr, 1870
巴卡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bakana Xu, 1998
Polyrhachis bakeri Viehmeyer, 1916
Polyrhachis bamaga Kohout, 1990
Polyrhachis banghaasi Viehmeyer, 1922
Polyrhachis barretti Clark, 1928
Polyrhachis basirufa Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis batesi Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis beauforti Emery, 1911
Polyrhachis beccarii Mayr, 1872
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) bedeloweryi
Polyrhachis bedoti Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis bellicosa Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis (Myrma) bequaerti
双色多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bicolor Smith, 1858
双钩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bihamata (Drury, 1773)
Polyrhachis binghamii Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis biroi Forel, 1907
Polyrhachis bispinosus
Polyrhachis boltoni
Polyrhachis bouvieri Santschi, 1928
Polyrhachis braxa Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) breviata
短胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis brevicorpa Xu, 2002
Polyrhachis brevinoda
Polyrhachis brevipilosa
Polyrhachis bubala Stitz, 1925
Polyrhachis bubastes Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis bugnioni Forel, 1908
Polyrhachis burmanensis Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis busiris
Polyrhachis caeciliae Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis cafrorum Forel
Polyrhachis calabarica For.
Polyrhachis calliope Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis calypso Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis campbelli
Polyrhachis carbonaria Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis carinata (Fabricius, 1804)
Polyrhachis castaneiventris Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis caulomma Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis cedarensis Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis cephalotes Emery, 1893
Polyrhachis ceramensis Mayr, 1883
Polyrhachis chalybea Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis chaonia
Polyrhachis charaxa Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis chartifex Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis cheesmanae Donisthorpe, 1937
Polyrhachis cingula Donisthorpe, 1947
Polyrhachis circumdata Viehmeyer, 1913
Polyrhachis clarkei Donisthorpe, 1949
Polyrhachis cleopatra Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis cleophanes Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis clio Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis clotho Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis clypeatus Mayr
Polyrhachis coerulescens Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis compressicornis Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis concava Andre, 1889
Polyrhachis confusa Wong & Guénard, 2021
Polyrhachis conops Forel, 1901
Polyrhachis consimilis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis constricta Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis constructor Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis contemta Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis continua Emery, 1887
凸颊多刺蚁 Polyrhachis convexa Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis cornata
方肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cornihumera Xu, 2002
Polyrhachis cornuta Stitz, 1910
Polyrhachis coronata Santschi, 1928
Polyrhachis craddocki Bingham, 1903
Polyrhachis crassispinosa Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis crawleyi Forel, 1916
Polyrhachis creusa Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis croceiventris Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis cryptoceroides Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis cubaensis Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis cupreata Emery, 1895
Polyrhachis curta Emery, 1890
Polyrhachis cuspidatus
Polyrhachis cyaneus
青腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyaniventris Smith, 1858
驼背多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyphonota Xu, 1998
Polyrhachis cyrtomyrmoides Donisthorpe, 1947
Polyrhachis cyrus Forel, 1901
Polyrhachis daemeli Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis dahlii Forel, 1901
Polyrhachis danum
Polyrhachis daphne Wheeler, 1919
Polyrhachis davydovi Karavaiev, 1927
德比利多刺蚁 Polyrhachis debilis Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis decellei Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis decemdentata Andre, 1889
Polyrhachis decemdentate
Polyrhachis decipiens Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis decora
Polyrhachis defensus
Polyrhachis delicata Crawley, 1915
德曼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis demangei Santschi, 1910
Polyrhachis democles
Polyrhachis dentata Donisthorpe, 1947
Polyrhachis denticulata Karavaiev, 1927
齿肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dentihumera Xu, 2002
Polyrhachis derecyna Smith, 1871
Polyrhachis diana Wheeler, 1909
Polyrhachis diaphanta Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis diotima Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis distincta Karavaiev, 1927
双齿多刺蚁（拟黑多刺蚁） Polyrhachis dives Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis doddi Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis dohrni Forel, 1901
Polyrhachis dolichocephala Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis dolomedes Smith, 1863
背皱多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dorsorugosa Forel, 1913
Polyrhachis doudou
Polyrhachis dubia
Polyrhachis durbanensis Forel, 1914
Polyrhachis durvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis edwardi Donisthorpe, 1948
Polyrhachis elii Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis emeryana Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis emmae Santschi, 1920
Polyrhachis epinotalis Santschi
Polyrhachis equina Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis erato Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis eremita Kohout, 1990
Polyrhachis erosispina Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis esarata Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis escherichi Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis etheli Chapman, 1963
Polyrhachis eudora Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis euryala Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis eurynota Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis eurytus
Polyrhachis euterpe Forel, 1902
直刺多刺蚁 Polyrhachis euthiacaena Zhou et Zheng, 1997
Polyrhachis exarata Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis exasperatus
Polyrhachis excellens Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis excisa Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis excitata Viehmeyer, 1913
Polyrhachis exercita (Walker, 1859)
Polyrhachis exotica Kohout, 1987
Polyrhachis fellowesi Wong & Guénard, 2021
Polyrhachis femorata Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis fervens Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis fissa Mayr, 1902
Polyrhachis flavibasis Clark, 1930
Polyrhachis flavicornis Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis flavoflagellata Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis follicula Menozzi, 1926
Polyrhachis foreli Kohout, 1989
Polyrhachis fornicata Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis fortis Emery, 1893
Polyrhachis frauenfeldi Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis fruhstorferi Emery, 1898
Polyrhachis fulgens Viehmeyer, 1912
叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis furcata Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis furcula Emery, 1911
Polyrhachis fuscipes Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis gab Forel, 1879
Polyrhachis gagates Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis gamaii Santschi, 1917
Polyrhachis geminata Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gentilis
Polyrhachis geometrica Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis gerstaeckeri Forel
Polyrhachis gestroi Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis gibba Emery, 1901
Polyrhachis gibbula
Polyrhachis glabrinota Clark, 1930
Polyrhachis glykera Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis gracilior Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis grandis Donisthorpe, 1949
Polyrhachis gravis Clark, 1930
Polyrhachis greensladei Kohout, 1990
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gressitti
Polyrhachis gribodoi Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis guerini Roger, 1863
哈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis halidayi Emery, 1889
Polyrhachis halmaheirae
Polyrhachis hastata (Latreille, 1802)
Polyrhachis hauxwelli Bingham, 1903
Polyrhachis hector Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis heinlethii Forel, 1895
Polyrhachis hemiopticoides Mukerjee, 1930
Polyrhachis hera Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis hermione Emery, 1895
Polyrhachis hexacantha (Erichson, 1842)
锡兰多刺蚁 Polyrhachis hippomanes Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis hirsuta Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis hirta Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis hodgsoni Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis hookeri Lowne, 1865
Polyrhachis horacei Hung, 1967
Polyrhachis horni Emery, 1901
Polyrhachis hostilis Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis hunggeuk Wong & Guénard, 2021
Polyrhachis hungi Bolton, 1974
Polyrhachis ignota Kohout, 1987
梅氏刺蚁 Polyrhachis illaudata Walker, 1859
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) impressa
Polyrhachis inclusa Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis inconspicua Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis indificans (Jerdon, 1851)
Polyrhachis inermis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis insularis Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis inusitata Kohout, 1989
Polyrhachis io Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis isacantha Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis ithona Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis jacksoniana Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis jacobsoni Forel, 1909
Polyrhachis jerdonii Forel, 1892
江华多刺蚁 Polyrhachis jianghuaensis Wang & Wu, 1991
Polyrhachis jurii Karavaiev, 1935
Polyrhachis kaipi Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis karawaiewi Santschi, 1928
Polyrhachis keratifera Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis (Hedomyrma) kershawi
Polyrhachis khepra Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis kohli Forel
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) kokoda
Polyrhachis labella Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis laboriosa Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis lachesis Forel, 1897
Polyrhachis laciniata Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis lacteipennis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis laevigata Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis laevissima Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis lama Kohout, 1994
赤胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lamellidens Smith, 1874
Polyrhachis laminata Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis lanuginosa Santschi, 1910
Polyrhachis lata Emery, 1895
Polyrhachis latharis Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis latifrons
Polyrhachis latinota Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis latispina Emery, 1925
侧多刺蚁 Polyrhachis latona Wheeler, 1909
Polyrhachis latreillei (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
Polyrhachis lauta Santschi, 1910
Polyrhachis leae Forel, 1913
Polyrhachis leonidas Forel, 1901
Polyrhachis leopoldi Santschi, 1932
Polyrhachis lepida
Polyrhachis lestoni Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis levior Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis lilianae Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis limbata Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis limitis Santschi, 1939
Polyrhachis linae Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis lombokensis Emery, 1898
Polyrhachis longipes Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis longipilosa ^[6]
Polyrhachis longiseta
Polyrhachis loriai Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis loweryi Kohout, 1990
Polyrhachis lownei Forel, 1895
Polyrhachis lucens Donisthorpe, 1947
光亮多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lucidula Emery, 1893
Polyrhachis luctuosa Emery, 1921
Polyrhachis lugens Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) lumi
Polyrhachis luteipes
Polyrhachis lycidas Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis lydiae Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) maai
Polyrhachis machaon Santschi, 1920
Polyrhachis mackayi Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis macropa Wheeler, 1916
Polyrhachis maculata Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis magnifica Menozzi, 1926
Polyrhachis malaensis Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis malignus
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) mamba
Polyrhachis marginata Smith, 1859
梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis mayri Roger, 1859
Polyrhachis medusa Forel, 1897
Polyrhachis (Myrma) medusae
Polyrhachis melpomene Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis menelas Forel, 1904
Polyrhachis menozzii Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis merops
哀愁棘山蚁 Polyrhachis mesota Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis metella Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis micans Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis militaris (Fabricius, 1782)
Polyrhachis mindanaensis Emery, 1923
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) minima
Polyrhachis mitrata Menozzi, 1932
Polyrhachis mjobergi Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis mkomaziae Taylor & McGavin, 2020
Polyrhachis modesta Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis moeschi Forel, 1912
迈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis moesta Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis mondoi Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis monista Santschi, 1910
Polyrhachis montana Hung, 1970
Polyrhachis monteithi
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) monticola
Polyrhachis mucronata Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis muelleri Forel, 1893
墙多刺蚁 Polyrhachis murina Emery, 1893
Polyrhachis mutatus
Polyrhachis mutiliae
Polyrhachis mystica Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis neptunus Smith, 1865
Polyrhachis nidificans
Polyrhachis niger
Polyrhachis nigra Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis nigrescens Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis nigriceps Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis nigriseta
Polyrhachis nigrita Mayr, 1895
Polyrhachis nigropilosa Mayr, 1872
Polyrhachis nitens Donisthorpe, 1943
Polyrhachis nitida Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis noesaensis
Polyrhachis nofra Bolton, 1975
Polyrhachis nudata Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis numeria Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis obesior
Polyrhachis obscura Forel, 1895
Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) obsidiana Karawajew, 1927
Polyrhachis obtusa Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis ochracea Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis oedacantha Wheeler, 1919
Polyrhachis olena Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis olybria Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis omissa
Polyrhachis omyrmex (Donisthorpe, 1938)
Polyrhachis opalescens Clark, 1930
Polyrhachis ops Forel, 1907
圆肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis orbihumera Xu, 2002
Polyrhachis ornata Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) orokana
Polyrhachis orpheus Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis orsylla Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis osae Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis osiris Bolton, 1975
Polyrhachis otleti Forel, 1916
Polyrhachis pallescens Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis pallipes Donisthorpe, 1948
Polyrhachis pandarus
Polyrhachis parabiotica Chapman, 1963
拟弓刺蚁 Polyrhachis paracamponota Wang & Wu, 1991
Polyrhachis paromala Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) parva
Polyrhachis patiens Santschi, 1920
Polyrhachis paxilla Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis peetersi Wong & Guénard, 2021
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) pelecta
Polyrhachis pellita Menozzi, 1922
Polyrhachis penelope Forel, 1895
Polyrhachis peregrina Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis personata Wheeler, 1919
Polyrhachis phalerata Menozzi, 1926
Polyrhachis phidias Forel, 1910
Polyrhachis philippinensis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis phipsoni
Polyrhachis phryne Forel, 1907
Polyrhachis phyllophilus
Polyrhachis piliventris Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis pilosa Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis pirata Sorger & Zettel, 2009
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) planata
Polyrhachis plato Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis platynota Stitz, 1933
Polyrhachis platyomma Emery, 1921
Polyrhachis polymnia Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis porcata Emery, 1921
Polyrhachis pressa Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis prometheus Santschi, 1920
拟梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis proxima Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis pruinosa Mayr, 1872
拟三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pseudothrinax Hung, 1967
半眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pubescens Mayr, 1879
Polyrhachis punctata Karavaiev, 1927
刻点多刺蚁 Polyrhachis punctillata Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis punctiventris Mayr, 1876
城堡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pyrgops Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis pyrrhus Forel, 1910
Polyrhachis queenslandica Emery, 1895
Polyrhachis ralumensis Forel, 1901
四刺蚁 Polyrhachis rastellata (Latreille, 1802)
结多刺蚁 Polyrhachis ratellata (Latreille,1802)
Polyrhachis reclinata Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis regesa Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis regularis Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis relucens (Latreille, 1802)
Polyrhachis rere Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis restituta Viehmeyer, 1913
Polyrhachis retrorsa Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) retusa
Polyrhachis revoili Andre, 1887
Polyrhachis rhea Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis ridleyi Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis rixosa Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roberti
Polyrhachis robsoni
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roomi
Polyrhachis rossi Donisthorpe, 1948
圆顶多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rotoccipita Xu, 2002
Polyrhachis rotumana Wilson & Taylor, 1967
Polyrhachis rotundiceps Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis rowlandi Forel, 1910
红腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rubigastrica Wu & Wang, 1991
Polyrhachis rubiginosa (Le Guillou, 1842)
Polyrhachis ruficornis Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis rufifemur Forel, 1907
Polyrhachis rufipalpis Santschi, 1910
红足多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rufipes Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis rufofemorata Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis rugifrons Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis rugulosus
Polyrhachis rupicapra Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis rustica Kohout, 1990
Polyrhachis saevissima Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis saigonensis Forel, 1886
Polyrhachis salomo Forel, 1910
Polyrhachis santschii Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis sappho Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis scabra Kohout, 1987
Polyrhachis scapulata Santschi, 1932
畅多刺蚁 Polyrhachis schang Forel, 1879
Polyrhachis schenckii Forel, 1886
Polyrhachis schenkii
Polyrhachis schistacea (Gerstaecker, 1859)
Polyrhachis schizospina Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis schlueteri Forel, 1886
Polyrhachis schoopae Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis schwiedlandi Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis scissa (Roger, 1862)
Polyrhachis sculpta Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis sculpturata Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis scutulata Smith, 1859
Polyrhachis semiaurata Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis semiobscura Donisthorpe, 1944
Polyrhachis semipolita Andre, 1896
Polyrhachis senilis Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis sericata (Guerin-Meneville, 1831)
Polyrhachis sericeopubescens Donisthorpe, 1941
Polyrhachis serratus
Polyrhachis sexspinosa (Latreille, 1802)
始兴多刺蚁 Polyrhachis shixingensis Wu et Wang, 1995
Polyrhachis sidnica Mayr, 1866
Polyrhachis similis Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis simillima Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis simplex Mayr
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) simulans
Polyrhachis smithi Emery, 1901
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) snellingi
Polyrhachis sokolova Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis solivaga Menozzi, 1926
Polyrhachis solmsi Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis sophocles Forel, 1908
Polyrhachis sparaxes Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis spec Hector
Polyrhachis spec Pandarus
Polyrhachis spengeli Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis spinicola Forel, 1894
Polyrhachis spinicollis
Polyrhachis spinigera Mayr
Polyrhachis spitteleri Forel, 1916
Polyrhachis splendens Santschi, 1932
Polyrhachis stigmatifera Kohout, 1990
条纹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis striata Mayr, 1862
Polyrhachis striatorugosus
Polyrhachis strictifrons Emery, 1898
Polyrhachis stylifera Karavaiev, 1935
Polyrhachis subaenescens Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis subcyanea Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis subfossa Viehmeyer, 1913
Polyrhachis subfossoides Karavaiev, 1927
Polyrhachis submarginata
亚毛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis subpilosa Emery, 1895
Polyrhachis subtridens Emery, 1900
Polyrhachis sulcata Andre, 1895
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) sulcifera
Polyrhachis sumatrensis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis sylvicola (Jerdon, 1851)
Polyrhachis tambourinensis Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis taylori Kohout, 1988
Polyrhachis templi Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis ternatae Karavaiev, 1933
Polyrhachis terpsichore Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis textor Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis thailandica
Polyrhachis thais Forel, 1910
汤普森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thompsoni Bingham, 1903
三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thrinax Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis thusnelda Forel, 1902
光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis townsvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
Polyrhachis tragos Stitz, 1925
Polyrhachis transiens Bolton, 1973
Polyrhachis trapezoidea Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis triaena Wheeler, 1919
Polyrhachis tricuspis Andre, 1887
Polyrhachis trina Donisthorpe, 1944
Polyrhachis trispinosa Smith, 1861
Polyrhachis tristis Mayr, 1867
Polyrhachis trophima Smith, 1863
舟山多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tschu Forel, 1879
Polyrhachis tubericeps Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis tubifera Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis tubifex Karavaiev, 1926
Polyrhachis turneri Forel, 1895
暴棘山蚁 Polyrhachis tyrannica Fr. Smith, 1858，暴多刺蚁，也拼作Polyrhachis tyrannicus
Polyrhachis ugiensis Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis ulysses Forel, 1910
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) umboi
Polyrhachis unicuspis Emery, 1898
Polyrhachis urania Forel, 1902
Polyrhachis valerus
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) variegata
Polyrhachis venus Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis vermiculosa Mayr, 1876
Polyrhachis verticalis Santschi, 1928
Polyrhachis vestita Smith, 1860
Polyrhachis vibidia
鼎突多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vicina Roger, 1863
Polyrhachis viehmeyeri Emery, 1921
大眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vigilans Smith, 1858
Polyrhachis vigilans Viehmeyer, 1912
Polyrhachis villipes Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis villosa Emery, 1897
Polyrhachis vindex Smith, 1857
Polyrhachis violaceonigra Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis viscosa Smith, 1858
维氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vitalisi Santschi, 1920
Polyrhachis volkarti Forel, 1916
Polyrhachis wagneri Viehmeyer, 1914
Polyrhachis wallacei Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wamuki
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wardi
Polyrhachis weissi Santschi, 1910
Polyrhachis wellmani Forel, 1909
Polyrhachis wheeleri Mann, 1919
Polyrhachis wilmsi Forel
Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wilsoni
渥氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis wolfi Forel, 1912
Polyrhachis wroughtonii Forel, 1894
Polyrhachis xanthippe Forel, 1911
Polyrhachis xiphias Smith, 1863
Polyrhachis yarrabahensis Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis yerburyi Forel, 1893
Polyrhachis yorkana Forel, 1915
Polyrhachis ypsilon Emery, 1887
Polyrhachis zimmerae Clark, 1941
Polyrhachis zopyra Smith, 1861

参考资料

^ Bolton, B. Polyrhachis. AntCat. 2014 [17 July 2014].
^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）.
^ Hung, ACF. A Revision of the Ant Genus Polyrhachis at the Subgeneric Level (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 1967, 93 (4): 395–422.
^ Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2011. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y.
^ Polyrhachis Smith, 1857. GBIF. [2023-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-04）.
^ Weeyawat Jaitrong, Seiki Yamane and Nawee Noon-anant. 2023. The Thai Species of the Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) flavicornis Smith, 1857 Species Group, with description of A New Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae). Zootaxa. 5249(4); 446-464. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.3, http://facebook.com/weejai96/posts/10210661082919073

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Polyrhachis

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Polyrhachis. AntCat. 2014 [17 July 2014].

[2] Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）.

[3] Hung, ACF. A Revision of the Ant Genus Polyrhachis at the Subgeneric Level (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 1967, 93 (4): 395–422.

[4] Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2011. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y.

[5] Polyrhachis Smith, 1857. GBIF. [2023-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-04）.

[6] Weeyawat Jaitrong, Seiki Yamane and Nawee Noon-anant. 2023. The Thai Species of the Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) flavicornis Smith, 1857 Species Group, with description of A New Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae). Zootaxa. 5249(4); 446-464. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.3, http://facebook.com/weejai96/posts/10210661082919073

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棘山蚁属

Polyrhachis gracilior（英语：Polyrhachis gracilior）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	蚁亚科 Formicinae
属：	棘山蚁属 Polyrhachis
模式种
Formica bihamata（瑞典语：Polyrhachis bihamata）
亚属
Aulacomyrma Campomyrma Chariomyrma Cyrtomyrma Hagiomyrma Hedomyrma Hemioptica Hirtomyrma Myrma Myrmatopa Myrmhopla Myrmothrinax
多样性^[1]
702 种
异名
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935 Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919 Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937 Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937 Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938 Johnia Karavaiev, 1927 Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944