毒蝰(学名:Vipera aspis)是蝰属的一种毒蛇[4]。其毒性很强,人类被咬后死亡率达4%[5]。其种加词来自希腊语,意思就是“毒蛇”[6]。它有五个亚种[7]

毒蝰
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行纲 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科: 蝰科 Viperidae
属: 蝰属 Vipera
种:
毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
Vipera aspis
异名[3]
  • [Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758
  • Vipera Francisci Redi
    Laurenti, 1768[1][2]
  • Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768
  • Vipera vulgaris
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Vipera ocellata
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Coluber Charasii Shaw, 1802
  • [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis
    Merrem, 1820
  • C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822
  • Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823
  • Aspis ocellata Fitzinger, 1826
  • [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis
    F. Boie, 1827
  • Berus Vulgaris Gray, 1831
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    Bonaparte, 1834
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    Massalongo, 1853
  • V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis
    Jan, 1863
  • Vipera berus subspec. aspis
    Camerano, 1888
  • Vipera aspis Boulenger, 1896
  • Vipera aspis var. lineata
    Düringen, 1897
  • [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902
  • Vipera aspis aspis
    Mertens, 1925
  • Mesovipera aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927
  • Mesovipera maculata
    A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Mesovipera maculata aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Vipera ammodytes aspis
    — Schwarz, 1936
  • Vipera aspis delalande
    — M. Phisalix, 1968
  • Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis
    Obst, 1983
  • Vipera aspis Golay et al., 1993

分类

编辑
亚种[7] 命名人[7] 分布[4]
V. aspis aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) 欧洲大部分地区
V. aspis atra Meisner, 1820 瑞士、法国和意大利阿尔卑斯山脉地区
V. aspis francisciredi Laurenti, 1768 意大利中部
V. aspis hugyi Schinz, 1833 意大利南部
V. aspis zinnikeri Kramer, 1958 加斯科尼安道尔和临近的西班牙地区

特征

编辑

其体长一般在60—65厘米(24—26英寸)之间,雄蛇最长可达85 cm(33英寸),雌性则为75 cm(30英寸),但雄性身体要比雌性细一些.。[4]

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
  3. ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  5. ^ Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
  6. ^ Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13]. 

外部连接

编辑