蒙古野驴Equus hemionus hemionus蒙古语ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠨ西里尔字母хулан),或称戈壁野驴,是亚洲野驴的一个亚种[2]牠们分布在蒙古中国北方,以往亦曾在哈萨克出没,但因猎杀而在当地灭绝了。[3]

蒙古野驴
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 马科 Equidae
属: 马属 Equus
种:
亚洲野驴 E. hemionus
亚种:
蒙古野驴 E. h. hemionus
三名法
Equus hemionus hemionus
Pallas, 1775
异名

Equus hemonius luteus

蒙古野驴的分布地于1990年代大大的减少。于1994年至1997年估计就有33000-63000只蒙古野驴,分布在差不多整个蒙古南部。[4]但到了2003年就只有约20000只,分布在蒙古南部的17万平方公里。[5]虽然所有资料都非正式统计[6][7],但肯定牠们在过去70年就已失去了50%的分布地。

蒙古野驴的数量下降是因被烹吃及与其他家畜争食所致,并被列为濒危物种[1]自1953年起,牠们在蒙古就已经全面受到保护。牠们被列在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二中。[8]但是,由于人类人口膨涨及严冬的气候[9],牠们与牧民之间的争竞就更为激烈。

蒙古野驴被烹吃的问题日益严重。在一些地区,牠们的肉是很廉价。单于2005年的问卷调查,就显示每年有多达4500匹蒙古野驴被烹吃,即总数量的20%。再者于1990年代初,政策容许城市居民回归为游牧民族,引发野外地区的人口及家畜暴增。[10][11][12]

参考

编辑
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kaczensky, P., Lkhagvasuren, B., Pereladova, O., Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. Equus hemionus ssp. hemionus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. [2018年7月19日]. 
  2. ^ Oakenfull EA, Lim HN and Ryder AO. A survey of equid mitochondrial DNA: Implications for the evolution, genetic diversity and conservation of Equus. Cons Genet. 2000, 1: 341–355. 
  3. ^ Clark, B. and Duncan, P. Asian Wild Asses - Hemiones and Kiangs (E. hemionus Pallas and E. kiang Moorcroft). P. Duncan (ed.) (编). Zebras, Asses, and Horses. An Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. 1992: 17–21. 
  4. ^ Reading, R. P., H. M. Mix, B. Lhagvasuren, C. Feh, D. P. Kane, S. Dulamtseren, and S. Enkhbold. Status and distribution of khulan (Equus hemionus) in Mongolia. Journal of Zoology, London. 2001, 254: 381–389. 
  5. ^ Mongolian Ministry of Nature and Environment. Status and distribution of the khulan in Mongolia in 2003. Mongolian Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2003. 
  6. ^ Buckland, S.T., D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, J.L. Laake, D.L. Borchers and L. Thomas. Introduction to Distance Sampling. Oxford UK and New York USA: Oxford University Press. 2001: 432. 
  7. ^ Kaczensky P. and C. Walzer. Przewalski horses, wolves and khulans in Mongolia. Bi-annual progress reports. 2002a, 2002b, 2003a, 2003b [2022-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-01). 
  8. ^ CMS 2002. Convention on Migratory Species. Appendix II. 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2006-05-13.
  9. ^ United Nations Disaster Management Team (UNDMT): National Civil Defence and State Emergency Commission Ulaanbaatar. DZUD 2000-Mongolia: An evolving ecological, social and economic disaster: A rapid needs assessment report. United Nations Disaster Management Team (UNDMT): National Civil Defence and State Emergency Commission Ulaanbaatar. 2000. 
  10. ^ Fernandez-Gimenez, M. E. Sustaining the Steppes: A Geographical History of Pastoral Land Use in Mongolia. Geographical Revue. 1999, 89 (3): 315–342. 
  11. ^ Bedunah, D. J. and S. M. Schmidt. Pastoralism and protected area management in Mongolia's Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park. Development and Change. 2004, 35 (1): 167–191. 
  12. ^ Mearns, R., D. Shombodon, G. Narangerel, U. Tuul, A. Enkhamgalan, B. Myagmarzhav, A. Bayanjargal, and B. Bekhsuren. Natural resource mapping and seasonal variations and stresses in Mongolia. RRA Notes. 1994, 20: 95–105.