非法采矿

非法采矿指的是在没有取得许可证的情况下进行采矿的行为。^[1]据统计，全球大约80%的小矿都没有合法手续，即属于非法采矿。^[2]如果非法采矿的规模过大，还会被视为有组织犯罪^[3]。即使是大公司也可能会参与非法采矿。^[4]非法采矿往往会破坏环境。^[5]

参考文献

^ Dozolme, Philippe. Learn What Illegal Mining Operations Are. The Balance. 2018 [March 4, 2016]. （原始内容存档于March 6, 2016）.
^ Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003). "Artisanal and small-scale mining: challenges and opportunities". International Institute for Environment and Development, London. http://pubs.iied.org/9268IIED/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ Zabyelina, Y.; van Uhm, D.P. Illegal Mining: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Ecocide in a Resource-Scarce World. Palgrave. [2024-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
^ Castilla, Oscar; Amancio, Nelly; Lopez, Fabiola. The Companies Accused of Buying Latin America's Illegal Gold. InSight Crime. 2015 [2024-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-03）.
^ Criminal offences: illicit trafficking. dx.doi.org. 2014-12-03 [2024-03-09]. doi:10.18356/f6c93ebf-en. （原始内容存档于2024-04-02）.