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约翰·史皮尔斯布里（1739年—1769年04月03日），[1]是英国地图绘制者、雕刻师。同时也是拼图的发明者。
John Spilsbury (1739 – 3 April 1769)[2] was a British mapmaker and engraver. He is credited as the inventor of the jigsaw puzzle.
Life
编辑生平
编辑父亲汤玛斯·史皮尔斯布里育有三子，约翰·史皮尔斯布里排行第二，兄长是雕刻师乔纳森·史皮尔斯布里[3]，约翰．史皮尔斯布里曾经当过英皇乔治三世皇家绘图员汤玛斯·杰弗里斯的学徒。
He was the second of three sons of Thomas Spilsbury; the engraver Jonathan Spilsbury was his elder brother, and the two have sometimes been confused.[4] He served as an apprentice to Thomas Jefferys, the Royal Geographer to King George III.
约翰·史皮尔斯布里在1767年发明了第一个拼图作为地理学教学工具：首先先将世界地图附贴于木板上，然后再将每个国家从木板上刻取出来而成为第一个拼图。由于嗅到商机，于是创造了8个不同主题的拼图：世界、欧洲、亚洲、非洲、美洲、英格兰、威尔士、爱尔兰及苏格兰地图。
Spilsbury created the first puzzle in 1767 as an educational tool to teach geography. He affixed a world map to wood and carved each country out to create the first puzzle. Sensing a business opportunity, he created puzzles on eight themes - the World, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland.
1761年，约翰·史皮尔斯布里与萨福克郡纽马基特的莎拉·梅结婚。在约翰·史皮尔斯布里过逝后，莎拉·梅接手经营一阵子约翰·史皮尔斯布里遗留的事业；而后，莎拉·梅与曾是约翰·史皮尔斯布里学徒的哈利·阿什比结婚，哈利·阿什比仍继续贩售拼图。[3]
Spilsbury married Sarah May of Newmarket, Suffolk in 1761. After his death she ran his business for a period, then marrying Harry Ashby who had been apprentice to Spilsbury, and who continued to sell puzzles.[3]
Sources
编辑外部链接
编辑- John Spilsbury at the National Portrait Gallery
- Jigsaw puzzle history
- Jigsaw puzzle, 1766
Notes
编辑参考
编辑- ^ Hannas, Linda. The English jigsaw puzzle, 1760-1890. Wayland, 1972, p. 20 (preview，第20页，载于Google图书)
- ^ Hannas, Linda. The English jigsaw puzzle, 1760-1890. Wayland, 1972, p. 20 (preview，第20页，载于Google图书)
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sloman, Susan. Spilsbury, Jonathan. 《牛津国家人物传记大辞典》 线上版. 牛津大学出版社. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26154. 需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格
- ^ Sloman, Susan. Spilsbury, Jonathan. 《牛津国家人物传记大辞典》 线上版. 牛津大学出版社. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26154. 需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格