大猪笼草
大猪笼草[3]（学名：Nepenthes maxima）是一种广布于苏拉威西[3]、新几内亚[3]和摩鹿加群岛[4]的热带食虫植物。其也可能存在于沃沃尼岛。[5]
大猪笼草
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| 产自苏拉威西的大猪笼草上位笼，海拔约400米 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 目： | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
| 科： | 猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae |
| 属： | 猪笼草属 Nepenthes |
| 种： | 大猪笼草 N. maxima
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| 二名法 | |
| Nepenthes maxima | |
| 异名 | |
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大猪笼草被归入“大猪笼草系”中，其中还包括博世猪笼草（N. boschiana）、陈氏猪笼草（N. chaniana）、附生猪笼草（N. epiphytica）、艾玛猪笼草、法萨猪笼草（N. faizaliana）、暗色猪笼草（N. fusca）、扎克里猪笼草（N. zakriana ）、N. dactylifera 、克洛斯猪笼草（N. klossii）、宽唇猪笼草（N. platychila）、窄叶猪笼草（N. stenophylla）、柔毛猪笼草(N. mollis) 和佛氏猪笼草（N. vogelii）。[6]
常见于苏拉威西的某些变型常具有明显波浪状的叶片。[4][7]个别极端个体的叶片翼即使下延至下部整个节间，但其仍可能呈高度波浪状。[8]这种波浪状的叶片是由于叶缘细胞生长造成的，由于其叶片质薄，从而导致其叶片呈波浪状以降低其应力势能。[9]
虽然柯蒂斯猪笼草（N. curtisii）为该物种的异名，但其也被用于指代其他许多栽培种。
形态特征
编辑大猪笼草捕虫笼的形态特征多变。捕虫笼可为纯绿色或带斑点，少数斑点众多，几乎为黑色。不同变型的唇也存在差异，产自新几内亚的变型其唇较宽。[3]
产于苏拉威西的大猪笼草上位笼，其生长的海拔高度从左至右一至三为400米、四至五为700米
产于新几内亚的大猪笼草上位笼，其生长的海拔高度从左至右分别为1500米、1600米、1700米、2300米和2600米
种下类群
编辑- Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985)
- Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud.
- Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla]
- Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917)
- Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana]
- Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897)
2009年，一种产自婆娑湖的栽培品种被命名为婆娑湖大猪笼草（Nepenthes maxima‘Lake Poso’）[10]
自然杂交种
编辑- ? N. eymae × N. maxima[4]
- N. glabrata × N. maxima[4]
- N. klossii × N. maxima[10]
- N. maxima × N. neoguineensis[4]
- N. maxima × N. tentaculata[11]
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无毛猪笼草与大猪笼草的疑似自然杂交种 -
克洛斯猪笼草与大猪笼草的自然杂交种 -
大猪笼草与新几内亚猪笼草的自然杂交种
参考文献
编辑- ^ （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ （印尼文） Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
- ^ Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
- ^ [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8.
- ^ Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10.
- ^ Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） American Scientist 92(3): 254–261.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima ‘Lake Poso’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
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