最长寿生命

根据不同定义，目前地球上最长寿生命各有不同。

如果寿命包括生命长期休眠、隐生或生物停滞的时间，且包括微生物和孢子的话，最长寿生命可能达2亿5000万年（250 million years）。^[1]^[2]^[3]

如果不包括休眠、隐生或生物停滞，但包括基因群落，如真菌菌落或其他相同基因繁殖群体，最长寿可能是西班牙伊维萨岛附近的地中海海草的巨大群落，估计年龄约1万2000岁至20万岁。^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

如果不包括微生物、长期休眠时间、生物停滞时间、也不包括基因相同的群落，只包括个体生物，但如果树木也包括在内，最长寿则是位于美国加洲东部的玛士撒拉树（英语：Methuselah (pine tree)），估计约有4854岁。^[8]^[9]

如果包括海洋生物，部分黑角珊瑚样本估计达4265岁。^[10]

如果只包括动物，阿德维塔（一只亚达伯拉象龟），则是世界上活的时间最长的动物，约256岁。

如果只谈人类，虽然在古代有大量长寿神话（英语：Longevity myths），但获验证最长寿者的是122岁164天，而科学家估计最长寿的人应不会超过130岁。^[11]^[12]

参考

^ Vreeland, Russell H.; Rosenzweig, William D.; Powers, Dennis W. Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature. 2000-10-19, 407 (6806): 897–900 [2022-12-12]. Bibcode:2000Natur.407..897V. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11057666. S2CID 9879073. doi:10.1038/35038060. （原始内容存档于2023-03-15）（英语）.
^ Cano, RJ; Borucki, MK. Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25- to 40-million-year-old Dominican amber. Science. 1995-05-19, 268 (5213): 1060–1064. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1060C. PMID 7538699. doi:10.1126/science.7538699.
^ Wu, Katherine J. These Microbes May Have Survived 100 Million Years Beneath the Seafloor - Rescued from their cold, cramped and nutrient-poor homes, the bacteria awoke in the lab and grew.. The New York Times. 2020-07-28 [2020-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
^ Ibiza Spotlight. Ibiza's Monster Marine Plant. 2006-05-28 [2007-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2006-08-27）.
^ Pearlman, Jonathan. 'Oldest living thing on earth' discovered. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2012-02-07. （原始内容存档于2012-02-07）.
^ Arnaud-Haond, Sophie; Duarte, Carlos M.; Diaz-Almela, Elena; Marbà, Núria; Sintes, Tomas; Serrão, Ester A. Bruun, Hans Henrik , 编. Implications of Extreme Life Span in Clonal Organisms: Millenary Clones in Meadows of the Threatened Seagrass Posidonia oceanica. PLOS ONE. 2012-02-01, 7 (2): e30454. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730454A. PMC 3270012  . PMID 22312426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030454  .
^ Discovery Channel. Tasmanian bush could be oldest living organism. 1996-10-21 [2006-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2006-07-23）.
^ Pinus longaeva. Gymnosperm Database. 2007-03-15 [2008-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）.
^ Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, OLDLIST. [2013-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-12）.
^ Graczyk, Michael. Scientists ID living coral as 4,265 years old. Associated Press. 2009-03-25. （原始内容存档于2009-04-01）.
^ 根据统计, 活到100岁机会不超过1/100，在活到100岁后但活到110岁者，机会约1/1000，在能活到110岁后，可活到115岁者为1/50。按此推算，活到110岁是1/100*1/1000=1/10万，活到115岁是1/100*1/1000*1/50 =1/500万, 活到120岁为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50=1/2.5亿，活到125岁为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50*1/50=1/125亿, 活到130岁机会为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50*1/50*1/50=1/6250亿。
^ Maier, H.; Gampe, J.; Jeune, B.; Robine, J.-M.; Vaupel, J. W. (编). Supercentenarians. Demographic Research Monographs. Springer. 2010-05-25: 338 [2022-12-12]. ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11520-2. （原始内容存档于2014-08-04）.

参见

[1] Vreeland, Russell H.; Rosenzweig, William D.; Powers, Dennis W. Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature. 2000-10-19, 407 (6806): 897–900 [2022-12-12]. Bibcode:2000Natur.407..897V. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11057666. S2CID 9879073. doi:10.1038/35038060. （原始内容存档于2023-03-15）（英语）.

[2] Cano, RJ; Borucki, MK. Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25- to 40-million-year-old Dominican amber. Science. 1995-05-19, 268 (5213): 1060–1064. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1060C. PMID 7538699. doi:10.1126/science.7538699.

[NYT-2200728-3] Wu, Katherine J. These Microbes May Have Survived 100 Million Years Beneath the Seafloor - Rescued from their cold, cramped and nutrient-poor homes, the bacteria awoke in the lab and grew.. The New York Times. 2020-07-28 [2020-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.

[4] Ibiza Spotlight. Ibiza's Monster Marine Plant. 2006-05-28 [2007-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2006-08-27）.

[5] Pearlman, Jonathan. 'Oldest living thing on earth' discovered. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2012-02-07. （原始内容存档于2012-02-07）.

[6] Arnaud-Haond, Sophie; Duarte, Carlos M.; Diaz-Almela, Elena; Marbà, Núria; Sintes, Tomas; Serrão, Ester A. Bruun, Hans Henrik , 编. Implications of Extreme Life Span in Clonal Organisms: Millenary Clones in Meadows of the Threatened Seagrass Posidonia oceanica. PLOS ONE. 2012-02-01, 7 (2): e30454. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730454A. PMC 3270012  . PMID 22312426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030454  .

[kingslomatia-7] Discovery Channel. Tasmanian bush could be oldest living organism. 1996-10-21 [2006-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2006-07-23）.

[8] Pinus longaeva. Gymnosperm Database. 2007-03-15 [2008-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）.

[RMTRR-9] Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, OLDLIST. [2013-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-12）.

[Graczyk2009-10] Graczyk, Michael. Scientists ID living coral as 4,265 years old. Associated Press. 2009-03-25. （原始内容存档于2009-04-01）.

[11] 根据统计, 活到100岁机会不超过1/100，在活到100岁后但活到110岁者，机会约1/1000，在能活到110岁后，可活到115岁者为1/50。按此推算，活到110岁是1/100*1/1000=1/10万，活到115岁是1/100*1/1000*1/50 =1/500万, 活到120岁为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50=1/2.5亿，活到125岁为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50*1/50=1/125亿, 活到130岁机会为1/100*1/1000*1/50*1/50*1/50*1/50=1/6250亿。

[MaieBook-12] Maier, H.; Gampe, J.; Jeune, B.; Robine, J.-M.; Vaupel, J. W. (编). Supercentenarians. Demographic Research Monographs. Springer. 2010-05-25: 338 [2022-12-12]. ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11520-2. （原始内容存档于2014-08-04）.

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