肢口纲
肢口纲（学名：Merostomata）是一纲水生的螯肢亚门，其下包括了鲎。现存的肢口纲只剩一个剑尾目4个物种，分别为中华鲎、南方鲎、美洲鲎、圆尾鲎，但有大量主要属于古生代的化石物种。
肢口纲 | |
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| 美洲鲎 Limulus polyphemus | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 演化支： | 蛛形类 Arachnomorpha |
| 亚门： | 螯肢亚门 Chelicerata |
| 演化支： | 真螯肢类 Euchelicerata |
| 演化支： | 头胸足类 Prosomapoda |
| 纲： | 肢口纲 Merostomata Woodward, 1866 |
| 目 | |
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肢口纲是螯肢亚门之中唯一拥有复眼的，而蛛形纲则失去了节肢动物祖先发展完好的侧前复眼。
史前的板足鲎纲（Eurypterida）曾被归类为本纲之下的一个亚纲，但后来被许多学者认为更接近蛛形纲，因而将板足鲎纲分出去独立成为一纲，与蛛形纲另组成硬器类（Sclerophorata）或Cryptopneustida。[1][2]
词源
编辑肢口纲的学名“Merostomata”是从希腊文 μηρός（meros，“大腿”）和στόμα（stoma，“口”）组合而来，因本纲动物的口器附近拥有附肢而得名。
下属分类
编辑本纲包括以下目：[3]
- 剑尾目 Xiphosurida
- Adelophthalmidae
- Brachyopterellidae
- Bunodidae
- Carcinosomatidae
- Chasmataspidae
- Cyrtoctenidae
- Diploaspididae
- Dolichopteridae
- Drepanopteridae
- Erieopteridae
- Euproopidae
- Eurypteridae
- Hardieopteridae
- Heteroaspididae
- Heterolimulidae
- 希氏鲎科 Hibbertopteridae
- Hughmilleriidae
- Jaekelopteridae
- Kokomopteridae
- Lanarkopteridae
- Laurieopteridae
- Liomesaspidae
- Liomesaspididae
- Megalograptidae
- Mixopteridae
- Moravuridae
- Moselopteridae
- Mycteropidae
- Parastylonuridae
- Pterygotidae
- Rhenopteridae
- Slimoniidae
- Stylonuridae
- Weinberginidae
- Woodwardopteridae
- Aglaspidichnus Radwanksi & Roniewicz, 1967
- Anderella Moore, McKenzie & Lieberman, 2007
- Anthraconectes Meek & Worthen, 1868
- Baltoeurypterus Størmer, 1973
- Beaumontia David, 1928
- Belinuropsis Matthew, 1909
- Bembicosoma Laurie, 1900
- Bembycosoma Laurie, 1900
- Bifarius Tasch, 1961
- Borchgrevinkium Novojilov, 1958
- Brachopterella
- Bunaia Clarke, 1920
- Camanchia Moore, Briggs, Braddy & Shultz, 2011
- Caragassia Vologdin, 1965
- Carbonolimulus Hong, 1985
- Chasmataspis Caster & Brooks, 1956
- Curviramus Ruedemann, 1935
- Cyamocephalus Currie, 1927
- Dibasterium Briggs, Siveter, Siveter, Sutton, Garwood & Legg, 2012
- Dibasterium durgae[4]
- Dickinsonia Tasch, 1963
- Dipeltis Packard, 1885
- Dvulikiaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
- Elleria Raymond, 1944
- Elmocephalus Tasch, 1964
- Eocarcinsoma Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964
- Eurypterella Matthew, 1889
- Eusarcus Grote & Pitt, 1875
- Exoculatus Pirozhnikov, 1966
- Gdowia Yanishevsky, 1950
- Glaucodes Pruvost, 1924
- Grossopterus Størmer, 1935
- Habcyne Meyer, 1844
- Hastimima Seward, 1909
- Heteroaspis Stormer, 1972
- 侯氏翅鲎属 Holmipterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1979
- Hypatocephala Tasch, 1961
- Ikeyia Vologdin, 1965
- Iyaia Vologdin, 1965
- Kasibelinurus Pickett, 1993
- Kioeria Størmer, 1933
- Lagrandella Eldredge, 1974
- Laurieopterus
- Legrandella Eldredge, 1974
- Limulicubichnus Miller, 1982
- Limulites Krueger, 1823
- Mazonipterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1963
- Nahlyostaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
- Neobelinuropsis Eller, 1938
- Neolimulus Woodward, 1868
- Onychopterella Størmer, 1951
- Orcanopterus Stott, Tetlie, Braddy, Nowlan, Glasser & Devereux, 2005
- Palatinaspis Malz & Poschmann, 1993
- Paraeurypterus Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013
- Parahughmillera Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
- Parka Fleming, 1864
- Pasternakevia Selden & Drygant, 1987
- Pentlandopterus Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013
- Permolimulinella Tasch, 1963
- Pincombella Chapman, 1932
- Polystomurum Novozhilov, 1958
- Psammonlimulus
- Pseudoniscus Nieszkowski, 1859
- Pseudostylonurus Xie & Xie, 1989
- Raaschichnus Hesselbo, 1988
- Rutroclypeus Withers, 1933
- Sanctacarus
- Selenichnites Romano & Whyte, 1990
- Skrytyaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
- Steropis Bailey, 1858
- Strongylocephalus Tasch, 1961
- Stylonarus Page, 1856
- Stylonuroides Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
- Syntomopterella Tetlie, 2007
- Syntomopterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
- Thurandina Stormer, 1974
- Tremaglaspis Fortey & Rushton, 2003
- Truncatiramus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
- Willwerathia Stormer, 1969
注记
编辑- ^ Boudreaux H. B. Arthropod phylogeny with special reference to insects. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto: John Willey & sons. 1979: 320 pp.
- ^ Weygoldt, P. & Paulus, H.F. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 1979, 17: 85–116, 177–200.
- ^ Merostomata. GBIF. [2023-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.
- ^ Eric Gershon, Dibasterium durgae • Silurian horseshoe crab illuminates the evolution of arthropod limbs
参考资料
编辑石川良辅编‘节足动物の多様性と系统’,(2008),バイオディバーシティ・シリーズ6(裳华房)