斯塔克爾貝格競爭
理論內容
編輯雖然與古諾模型一樣,斯塔克爾伯格模型同樣在討論生產同質產品的寡頭廠商之間如何決定產量,但後者與前者並不一樣。 斯塔克爾伯格模型認為產量的決定依據以下次序:領導性廠商決定一個產量,然後跟隨廠商可以觀察到這個產量,然後根據領導性廠商的產量來決定他自己的產量。需要注意的是,領導性廠商在決定自己的產量的時候,充分了解跟隨廠商會如何行動——這意味著領導性廠商可以知道跟隨廠商的反應函數。因此,領導性廠商自然會預期到自己決定的產量對跟隨廠商的影響。正是在考慮到這種影響的情況下,領導性廠商所決定的產量將是一個以跟隨廠商的反應函數為約束的利潤最大化產量。在斯塔克爾伯格模型中,領導性廠商的決策不再需要自己的反應函數。
實際應用
編輯斯塔克爾伯格的概念已被擴展到動態斯塔克爾伯格博弈。[1][2]隨著時間作為維度的加入,發現了靜態博弈中沒有的現象,例如領導者違反了最優原則。[2]
近年來,斯塔克爾伯格博弈在安全領域得到了應用。[3]在這種情況下,防禦者(領導者)設計了一種保護資源的策略,使得無論攻擊者(跟隨者)採用何種策略,該資源都能保持安全。 斯塔克爾伯格微分博弈也用於對供應鏈和營銷渠道進行建模。[4]斯塔克爾伯格博弈的其他應用包括異構網絡、[5]遺傳隱私、[6][7]機器人學、[8][9]自動駕駛、[10][11]和電網。[12][13]
參考資料
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- ^ Ghosh, Subha; De, Debashis. $$\hbox {E}^{2}\hbox {M}^{3}$$: energy-efficient massive MIMO–MISO 5G HetNet using Stackelberg game. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2021-11-01, 77 (11): 13549–13583. ISSN 1573-0484. doi:10.1007/s11227-021-03809-1 (英語).
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- ^ Yoo, Jehong; Langari, Reza. A Stackelberg Game Theoretic Model of Lane-Merging. arXiv:2003.09786 [cs, eess]. 2020-03-21.
- ^ Cooper, Matt; Lee, Jun Ki; Beck, Jacob; Fishman, Joshua D.; Gillett, Michael; Papakipos, Zoë; Zhang, Aaron; Ramos, Jerome; Shah, Aansh. Salichs, Miguel A. , 編. Stackelberg Punishment and Bully-Proofing Autonomous Vehicles. Social Robotics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Cham: Springer International Publishing). 2019: 368–377. ISBN 978-3-030-35888-4. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_34 (英語).
- ^ Qiu, Haifeng; Gu, Wei; Wang, Lu; Pan, Guangsheng; Xu, Yinliang; Wu, Zhi. Trilayer Stackelberg Game Approach for Robustly Power Management in Community Grids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2021-06, 17 (6): 4073–4083 [2021-12-19]. ISSN 1941-0050. doi:10.1109/TII.2020.3015733. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-05).
- ^ An, Lu; Chakrabortty, Aranya; Duel-Hallen, Alexandra. A Stackelberg Security Investment Game for Voltage Stability of Power Systems. 2020 59th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). 2020-12: 3359–3364 [2021-12-19]. doi:10.1109/CDC42340.2020.9304301. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-03).