辛巴威克拉通

辛巴威克拉通（英語：Zimbabwe Craton）是非洲南部一個古陸殼區域，是西岡瓦納大陸的一部分，其岩石可以追溯到早太古代，可能早至34.6億年前。^[1]該克拉通以克拉通大部分地區所在的辛巴威命名。辛巴威克拉通的岩石與東南方卡普瓦爾克拉通的岩層被250km寬的林波波縫合帶麻粒岩相構造岩分開。林波波帶與辛巴威、卡普瓦爾克拉通同時形成，但地質活躍時期維持了很長時間。只是到了晚太古代，約28-25億年前時，這兩個板塊才穩定連在一起，林波波帶的高級變質作用才逐漸停止。辛巴威克拉通的北部是贊比西縫合帶。^[2]

來源

辛巴威克拉通由兩個較小的區塊縫合而成，即南部的Tokwe地塊和北部更小的Rhodesdale地塊（又稱Rhodesdale片麻岩帶）。這些地塊的岩石年代最早為34.6億年前。^[1]Tokwe地塊可能在33億年前穩定下來，有證據表明Rhodesdale地塊大約也在同一時期穩定下來。^[3]^[4]

Tokwe地塊的共時範圍是支持辛巴威晚太古代綠岩帶主要源於克拉通內的有力證據，並反駁了克拉通的弧增生起源說。^[4]

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wilson, J. F.; Nesbitt, R. W. & Fanning, C. M. Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe Craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth. Coward, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (編). Early Precambrian processes . Geological Society Special Publications, issue 95. London: Geological Society of London. 1995: 109–126. ISBN 978-1-897799-36-9.
^ Jelsma, H. A. and Dirks, P. H. G. M. Neoarchean Tectonic Evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton. Fowler, C. M. R.; Ebinger, C. L.; Hawkesworth, C. J. (編). The Early Earth: Physical, Chemical and Biological Development. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 199. London: Geological Society of London. 2002: 183–211. ISBN 978-1-86239-109-3.
^ Dirks, P. H. G. M. and Jesma, H. A. Crust–mantle decoupling and the growth of the Archaean Zimbabwe Craton. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2002, 34: 157–166. doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00015-5.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Blenkinsop, T. G.; Martin, A.; Jelsma, H. A. & Vinyu, M. L. The Zimbabwe Craton. de Wit, M. J. & Ashwal, L. D. (編). Greenstone Belts. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1997: 567–580. ISBN 978-0-19-854056-4.

[Wilson-1995-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wilson, J. F.; Nesbitt, R. W. & Fanning, C. M. Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe Craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth. Coward, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (編). Early Precambrian processes . Geological Society Special Publications, issue 95. London: Geological Society of London. 1995: 109–126. ISBN 978-1-897799-36-9.

[Jelsma-2002-2] Jelsma, H. A. and Dirks, P. H. G. M. Neoarchean Tectonic Evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton. Fowler, C. M. R.; Ebinger, C. L.; Hawkesworth, C. J. (編). The Early Earth: Physical, Chemical and Biological Development. Geological Society Special Publications, issue 199. London: Geological Society of London. 2002: 183–211. ISBN 978-1-86239-109-3.

[Dirks-2002-3] Dirks, P. H. G. M. and Jesma, H. A. Crust–mantle decoupling and the growth of the Archaean Zimbabwe Craton. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2002, 34: 157–166. doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00015-5.

[Blenkinsop-1997-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Blenkinsop, T. G.; Martin, A.; Jelsma, H. A. & Vinyu, M. L. The Zimbabwe Craton. de Wit, M. J. & Ashwal, L. D. (編). Greenstone Belts. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1997: 567–580. ISBN 978-0-19-854056-4.

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