負面偏誤
負面偏誤[1]是指在同等強度的情況下,消極性質的事物(如不愉快的想法、情緒或社會交往、非常痛苦的事情)對一個人的心理狀態的影響比中性或積極的事物更大 [2] [3] [4]。換句話說,非常積極的東西對一個人的行為和心理的影響通常會比同樣強度但消極的事物要小。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. (1972). Negativity in evaluations. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, S. Valins, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
- ^ Baumeister, Roy F.; Finkenauer, Catrin; Vohs, Kathleen D. Bad is stronger than good (PDF). Review of General Psychology. 2001, 5 (4): 323–370 [2014-11-19]. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-08-23).
- ^ Lewicka, Maria; Czapinski, Janusz; Peeters, Guido. Positive-negative asymmetry or "When the heart needs a reason". European Journal of Social Psychology. 1992, 22 (5): 425–434. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420220502.
- ^ Rozin, Paul; Royzman, Edward B. Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2001, 5 (4): 296–320. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0504_2.