雅典娜神廟 (敘拉古)

雅典娜神廟
雅典娜神廟
	神廟的柱子納入敘拉古主教座堂
位置	義大利敘拉古
時期	公元前5世紀

37°03′35″N 15°17′37″E / 37.059604°N 15.293694°E / 37.059604; 15.293694

雅典娜神廟是義大利敘拉古的一座帶門廊的圍柱式建築，多立克柱式的希臘神廟。公元前5世紀，僭主格隆在希梅拉戰役中戰勝迦太基人後，建造了這座神廟。^[1]這個地點的神廟的歷史最早可追溯到公元前8世紀，在二十世紀初的發掘中發現了一座祭壇，屬於公元前六世紀中期的一座神廟。

歷史

敘拉古主教座堂內神廟的柱子

就在雅典娜神廟所在的地方，曾經有另一座更古老的神廟，也是多立克柱式的，1912年和1917年的考古挖掘發現證實了這一點。^[1] 其中一些建築元素、陶塑和一部分祭壇，可追溯到公元前六世紀^[1]。

根據文獻來源，雅典娜神廟是由敘拉古的第一任僭主格隆所建，在公元前480年希梅拉戰役中戰勝迦太基人後。

正如西塞羅以及柏拉圖和阿特納奧斯所證明的那樣，這座神廟是獻給智慧和戰爭女神雅典娜的。^[2]。西塞羅在他的演講中提供了大量的細節。^[3]

建築

敘拉古雅典娜神廟的平面圖

雅典娜神廟是一座圍柱式建築，寬22米，長55米，短邊有六根圓柱，長邊有十四根圓柱。在前線，兩邊的柱間都減少了，這是透視問題的典型解決方案。

這座神廟被改造成基督教的禮拜場所，其中一部分與敘拉古主教座堂的牆壁融為一體。在主教座堂的左側，仍可清晰見到石灰岩柱和它們的柱座。

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Il Tempio di Athena - Galleria Roma. [2022-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-30）.
^ Cicero, Verrine II.4.122
^ Aedis Minervae est in Insula, de qua ante dixi; quam Marcellus non attigit, quam plenam atque ornatam reliquit; quae ab isto sic spoliata atque direpta est, non ut ab hoste aliquo, qui tamen in bello religionem et consuetudinis iura retineret, sed ut a barbaris praedonibus vexata esse videatur. Pugna erat equestris Agathocli regis in tabulis picta; iis autem tabulis interiores templi parietes vestiebantur. Nihil erat ea pictura nobilius, nihil Syracusis quod magis videndum putaretur. Has tabulas M. Marcellus, cum omnia victoria illa sua profana fecisset, tamen religione impeditus non attigit; iste, cum illa iam propter diuturnam pacem fidelitatemque populi Syracusani sacra religiosaque accepisset, omnes eas tabulas abstulit, parietes, quorum ornatus tot saecula manserant, tot bella effugerant, nudos ac deformatos reliquit.
There is a temple of Minerva on the island, which I mentioned before, which Marcellus did not touch, which remained complete and decorated, which has been despoiled and ruined by that man [Verres]. It would seem to have been wrecked not by an enemy general (on the contrary, the general maintained religion and the customary law) but by barbarian hordes. There was a painting on panels of a battle, with King Agathokles on horseback; the inside walls of the temple were covered with these panels. Nothing was more famous than this picture, nothing in Syracuse was considered more worthwhile to see. Although he had made all things un-sacred by his victory, Marcus Marcellus did not touch these panels, held back by his own religious feeling. But although they had regained their sacred and religious character thanks to the enduring submission and loyalty of the Syracusan people, that man [Verres] removed all the panels and left the walls which they had decorated for so many centuries, which had escaped so many wars, naked and disfigured.

外部連結

Il-tempio-di-Athena -Cattedrale-di-Siracusa （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Tempio di Athena - Biennale internazionale d'ate contemporanea a Siracusa （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Tempio di Artemide e di Minerva in 3D （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[notadue-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Il Tempio di Athena - Galleria Roma. [2022-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-30）.

[2] Cicero, Verrine II.4.122

[3] Aedis Minervae est in Insula, de qua ante dixi; quam Marcellus non attigit, quam plenam atque ornatam reliquit; quae ab isto sic spoliata atque direpta est, non ut ab hoste aliquo, qui tamen in bello religionem et consuetudinis iura retineret, sed ut a barbaris praedonibus vexata esse videatur. Pugna erat equestris Agathocli regis in tabulis picta; iis autem tabulis interiores templi parietes vestiebantur. Nihil erat ea pictura nobilius, nihil Syracusis quod magis videndum putaretur. Has tabulas M. Marcellus, cum omnia victoria illa sua profana fecisset, tamen religione impeditus non attigit; iste, cum illa iam propter diuturnam pacem fidelitatemque populi Syracusani sacra religiosaque accepisset, omnes eas tabulas abstulit, parietes, quorum ornatus tot saecula manserant, tot bella effugerant, nudos ac deformatos reliquit.
There is a temple of Minerva on the island, which I mentioned before, which Marcellus did not touch, which remained complete and decorated, which has been despoiled and ruined by that man [Verres]. It would seem to have been wrecked not by an enemy general (on the contrary, the general maintained religion and the customary law) but by barbarian hordes. There was a painting on panels of a battle, with King Agathokles on horseback; the inside walls of the temple were covered with these panels. Nothing was more famous than this picture, nothing in Syracuse was considered more worthwhile to see. Although he had made all things un-sacred by his victory, Marcus Marcellus did not touch these panels, held back by his own religious feeling. But although they had regained their sacred and religious character thanks to the enduring submission and loyalty of the Syracusan people, that man [Verres] removed all the panels and left the walls which they had decorated for so many centuries, which had escaped so many wars, naked and disfigured.

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