非洲大蝸牛科

瑪瑙螺科; 化石時期：更新世至現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	非洲大蝸牛
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
亞群：	泛有肺亞群 Panpulmonata
總目：	真有肺總目 Eupulmonata
目：	柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亞目：	瑪瑙螺亞目 Achatinina
總科：	瑪瑙螺總科 Achatinoidea
科：	瑪瑙螺科 Achatinidae; Swainson, 1840
屬
	見內文[錨點失效]

非洲大蝸牛科（學名：Achatinidae），又名瑪瑙螺科，包括超過100個屬，都是原生於非洲的大型和中型陸生蝸牛，成蝸每年可以產3-6次卵，每次產卵因體形不同，每次產卵約50-500顆。

分佈

該科的蝸牛分佈於撒哈拉以南非洲^[1]。

解剖學

該科蝸牛的單倍體染色體大約有26到30。^[3]

分類學

該科分類在非正式群體彎尿道亞目下，屬於柄眼亞目、真肺目，下領四個亞科^[4]。

2017年，根據《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，原來柄眼目之下的四大分類重組，本科成為了瑪瑙螺亞目的成員之餘，下領八個亞科的鑽頭螺科亦被併入本科^[5]。因此，非洲大蝸牛科成為了一個下領12個亞科的龐大分類，而不少亞科之下又再細分為多個族。

以下為非洲大蝸牛科之下的12個亞科：

瑪瑙螺亞科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840：異名包括Urceidae Chaper, 1884及Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945
Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907
Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916
珀色螺亞科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920
鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
錫金螺亞科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
芻螺亞科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923
窄圓螺亞科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

各個亞科包含的屬如下：

Burtoa nilotica

瑪瑙螺亞科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840

族 Achatinini Swainson, 1840

瑪瑙螺屬 Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Archachatina Albers, 1850
Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
Bequaertina Mead, 1994
Brownisca Mead, 2004
Bruggenina Mead, 2004
Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Cochlitoma A. Férussac, 1821
Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950
Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904
Lignus Gray, 1834
Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904
Pseudachatina Albers, 1850
Achatinus Montfort, 1810，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Achatium Link, 1807，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Agathina J. Férussac, 1807，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Burtopsis Bourguignat, 1889，接受名為： Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Euaethiops Clench & Archer, 1930，接受名為：Achatina (Euaethiopina) Bequaert, 1950
Eutaxis Ancey, 1888，接受名為：Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
Geodes Gistel, 1848，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Livinhacia Crosse, 1889，接受名為：Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Megachatina Bequaert & Clench, 1936，接受名為：Archachatina (Calachatina) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Archachatina Albers, 1850
Oncaea Gistel, 1848 ，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Parachatina Bourguignat, 1889，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Pseudotrochus Mörch, 1852，接受名為：Lignus Gray, 1834
Serpaea Bourguignat, 1889，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Urceus Mörch, 1857，接受名為：Achatina Lamarck, 1799

族 Callistoplepini Mead, 1994

Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
Leptocala Ancey, 1888
Ganomidos d'Ailly, 1896，接受名為：Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
Petitia Jousseaume, 1884，接受名為：Leptocala Ancey, 1888

族 Limicolariini Schileyko, 1999

Columna Perry, 1811
Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
Perideriopsis Putzeys, 1898，接受名為：Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
Rebmanniella Preston, 1911，接受名為：Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
† Arabicolaria Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亞科 Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907

Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Neosubulina E.A. Smith, 1898
Bathyaxis Ancey, 1887，接受名為：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
Microbeliscus Weyrauch, 1964，接受名為：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967，接受名為：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Sphalerostoma Girard, 1892，接受名為：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865

亞科 Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916

Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907
Thomea Girard, 1893

珀色螺亞科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920

珀色螺屬 Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
Electra Albers, 1850，接受名為：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
Jadukamia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名為：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
滑胚瑪瑙螺屬 Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950

鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931

Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906
鑽螺屬 Opeas Albers, 1850
† Pacaudiella Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亞科 Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999

Bocageia Girard, 1893
Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
Chilonopsis Fischer von Waldheim, 1848
Cleostyla Dall, 1896
Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906
Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
Homorus Albers, 1850
Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
Itiopiana Preston, 1910
Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919
Mabilliella Ancey, 1886
Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923
Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
Oleata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919
Petriola Dall, 1905
Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919
Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
Kempia Preston, 1913，接受名為：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Kenia Preston, 1911，接受名為：Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
Pileata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959，接受名為：Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
Pseudocerastus Germain, 1918，接受名為：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Trichodina Ancey, 1888，接受名為：Petriola Dall, 1905

亞科 Pyrgininae Germain, 1916

Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854
Pyrgina Greef, 1882

錫金螺亞科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999

杆狀螺屬 Bacillum Theobald, 1870
Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946
錫金螺屬 Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
捲軸螺屬 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906
Dikrangia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名為：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
Ranibania Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1996，接受名為：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 (objective synonym)
Tomopeas Pilsbry, 1906，接受名為：Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946

芻螺亞科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923

Balfouria Crosse, 1885
Krapfiella Preston, 1911
Lubricetta F. Haas, 1928
Namibiella Zilch, 1954
Riebeckia E. von Martens, 1883
芻螺屬 Rumina Risso, 1826
Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
Cylindrina Schlüter, 1838，接受名為：Rumina Risso, 1826
Eburnea Mousson, 1888，接受名為：Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
Orbitina Risso, 1826，接受名為：Rumina Risso, 1826
Sira A. Schmidt, 1855，接受名為：Rumina Risso, 1826

窄圓螺亞科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906
Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906
Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903
Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896
Obeliscus H. Beck, 1837
Ochroderma Ancey, 1885
Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931
Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907
Plicaxis Sykes, 1903
Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906
Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906
Rhodea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
窄圓螺屬 Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854
Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906
Oxycheilus Albers, 1850，接受名為：Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
Rhodina de Morgan, 1885，接受名為：Plicaxis Sykes, 1903

鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas H.B. Baker, 1935，異鑽螺屬
Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
曲鑽螺屬 Curvella Chaper, 1885
Dysopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
Leptopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
Micropeas Connolly, 1923
Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909
側鑽螺屬 Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906
Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907
近鑽螺屬 Prosopeas Mörch, 1876
Pseudoglessula O. Boettger, 1892
Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
Striosubulina Thiele, 1933
鑽頭螺屬 Subulina H. Beck, 1837
Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
Zootecus Westerlund, 1887
Chilogymnus Ehrenberg, 1831 (taxon inquirendum)
Beccaria Bourguignat, 1883，接受名為：Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
Chilogymnus Jousseaume, 1894，接受名為：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
Diaopeas F. Haas, 1962，接受名為：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
Hapalus Albers, 1850，接受名為：曲鑽螺屬（Curvella Chaper, 1885）
Nothus Albers, 1850，接受名為：Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
Obeliscella Jousseaume, 1889，接受名為：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
Synopeas Jousseaume, 1889，接受名為：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961

Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010
^ Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334.
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.

外部連結

Lots of African Snail Pictures
Achatinoidea pictures
Excellent site (in German) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Achatinidae （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Extensive information on Achatina and Archachatina in captivity with a helpful forum. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
US Dept of Agriculture （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[AB-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010

[2] Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334.

[Barker-3] Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

[Bouchet_2005-4] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[5] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.

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