REM睡眠反彈

REM睡眠反彈（英語：REM rebound）是指在經過一段時間睡眠不足後，睡眠階段中快速動眼期（REM）的頻次與時長的增加。當人們在進入REM前醒來，他們會在後續睡眠中更快速地進入REM。^[1]當人們在一段時間內無法完成足夠的REM睡眠時長，取得REM睡眠的壓力增加，於是在後續睡眠中，REM階段所占時間比率增加。^[2]

早期研究者發現REM睡眠階段與夢相關，占據約20%總睡眠時長。因此，有研究者開始設計REM睡眠剝奪實驗，以探究其重要性。在實驗中，每當受試者的腦電圖與眼球運動顯示出進入REM的跡象，他們就會被叫醒並在後續幾分鐘內保持清醒。隨著「睡眠剝奪」次數增加，受試者更頻繁的試圖進入REM睡眠，因此他們被叫醒的頻次也增加。隨著實驗進行，受試者變得易怒、焦慮、飢餓，部分受試者離開了實驗。五晚之後，剩餘的受試者被允許不受干擾進入睡眠，結果顯示其睡眠中REM階段所占比例顯著增加：從正常狀態的平均19.4%增加到了平均26.6%。相比在隨機時間段、相同頻次被叫醒的對照組，被剝奪REM睡眠的實驗組差異顯著。^[3]

REM睡眠反彈表明，對於大腦而言，睡眠各階段都十分重要。在部分海洋哺乳動物，如海豚和海豹中，當一個大腦半球被剝奪REM睡眠，那麼就這有這半球會出現REM睡眠反彈，而另一半球不受影響。^[2]

REM睡眠反彈常出現在服用安眠藥的人群，也可能在睡眠呼吸暫停患者使用CPAP的前幾晚出現。酒精也會影響REM睡眠，它可在前半晚抑制REM，由此在進入睡眠四到五小時後引發REM睡眠反彈。^[4]多數抗抑鬱藥物，例如西酞普蘭和帕羅西汀，也會抑制REM睡眠，因此在停藥後造成REM睡眠反彈。^[5]^[6]

參見

參考文獻

^ Myers, David. Psychology 7th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2004: 276 [2010-01-09]. ISBN 0-7167-8595-1.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Carlson, Neil R. Physiology of behavior 11th. Boston: Pearson. 2013. ISBN 9780205239399.
^ Dement, William. The Effect of Dream Deprivation: The need for a certain amount of dreaming each night is suggested by recent experiments. Science. 10 June 1960, 131 (3415): 1705–1707. PMID 13815805. doi:10.1126/science.131.3415.1705.
^ Timothy Roehrs & Thomas Roth. Sleep, Sleepiness, and Alcohol Use. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health. Feb 25, 2011 [3 Nov 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-30）.
^ McCarthy, Andrew; Wafford, Keith; Shanks, Elaine; Ligocki, Marcin; Edgar, Dale M.; Dijk, Derk-Jan. REM sleep homeostasis in the absence of REM sleep: Effects of antidepressants. Neuropharmacology. 2016-09-01, 108: 415–425. PMID 27150557. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.047  .
^ Pace-Schott, E. F.; Gersh, T.; Silvestri, R.; Stickgold, R.; Salzman, C.; Hobson, J. A. SSRI treatment suppresses dream recall frequency but increases subjective dream intensity in normal subjects. Journal of Sleep Research. June 2001, 10 (2): 129–142. ISSN 0962-1105. PMID 11422727. S2CID 1612343. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00249.x  .

[myers7e-1] Myers, David. Psychology 7th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2004: 276 [2010-01-09]. ISBN 0-7167-8595-1.

[Carlson11e-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Carlson, Neil R. Physiology of behavior 11th. Boston: Pearson. 2013. ISBN 9780205239399.

[3] Dement, William. The Effect of Dream Deprivation: The need for a certain amount of dreaming each night is suggested by recent experiments. Science. 10 June 1960, 131 (3415): 1705–1707. PMID 13815805. doi:10.1126/science.131.3415.1705.

[niaaa-4] Timothy Roehrs & Thomas Roth. Sleep, Sleepiness, and Alcohol Use. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health. Feb 25, 2011 [3 Nov 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-30）.

[5] McCarthy, Andrew; Wafford, Keith; Shanks, Elaine; Ligocki, Marcin; Edgar, Dale M.; Dijk, Derk-Jan. REM sleep homeostasis in the absence of REM sleep: Effects of antidepressants. Neuropharmacology. 2016-09-01, 108: 415–425. PMID 27150557. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.047  .

[6] Pace-Schott, E. F.; Gersh, T.; Silvestri, R.; Stickgold, R.; Salzman, C.; Hobson, J. A. SSRI treatment suppresses dream recall frequency but increases subjective dream intensity in normal subjects. Journal of Sleep Research. June 2001, 10 (2): 129–142. ISSN 0962-1105. PMID 11422727. S2CID 1612343. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00249.x  .

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