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潔西·李·杜加綁架案

英文歷史版本

2013-06-14T01:58:27的最後版本－Victor Victoria

Jaycee Dugard abduction case
位置Abduction: South Lake Tahoe, El Dorado County, California, United States
Confinement: 1554 Walnut Avenue (unincorporated Contra Costa County near Antioch, California)
日期1991年6月10日 (1991-06-10) – August 26, 2009
類型綁架, false imprisonment, rape
受害者潔西·李·杜加
missing for 18 years
主謀Phillip Garrido and Nancy Garrido

潔西·李·杜加綁架案（Kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard）發生於1991年6月10日，居住在加利福尼亞州南太浩湖市的11歲女孩潔西·李·杜加在上學途中等巴士時遭到綁架。

大規模搜尋隨之展開，但毫無有用的線索，毫無成效。 18年來她渺無音訊。 2009年8月24日到25日，曾犯性侵罪行而保釋外出的菲利浦克雷格·加里多帶著兩名女孩到加州大學伯克利分校。2009年8月26日，他和一名少婦帶著這兩名女孩到保釋官辦公室報到，其異常的互動引人懷疑，調查後發現該名少婦正是杜加。 安尼克警方逮捕了58歲的加里多和他54歲的妻子南希·加里多。2011年4月28日，他們供認綁架和性侵杜加。執法人員（Law enforcement officers）認為加里多將杜加囚禁在他在安尼克的房子後方隱密處長達18年。2011年6月2日，菲利浦·加里多被加州法院判處431年徒刑，其妻子南希則判處36年徒刑。

[1]

Background of kidnappers

編輯
Phillip Craig Garrido
 
Booking photo
出生 (1951-04-05) 1951年4月5日（73歲）[2]
Contra Costa County
California
職業Printer and self-styled evangelist
刑事指控Kidnapping, Rape, False Imprisonment[3][4]
刑事狀況Sentenced to 431 years up to lifetime
Nancy Garrido
 
Booking photo
出生Nancy Bocanegra[5]
(1955-07-18) 1955年7月18日（69歲）
Bexar County, Texas
職業Nursing aide
Physical therapy aide[7]
刑事指控Kidnapping, Rape, False Imprisonment[3][4]
刑事狀況Sentenced 36 years to life[6]

1951年4月5日，菲利浦·克雷格·加里多生於Contra Costa County, California。

他年少時生活在Brentwood，1969年畢業於當地高中Liberty High School。

他的父親曼努埃爾·加里多仍居住在Brentwood。他說兒子加里多小時是好孩子，但青春期時在一場嚴重的摩托車意外後，性情大變。

隨後他開始濫用藥物（主要是crystal meth）。

[失效連結][8][失效連結]

1972年，加里多因性侵犯一名14歲女孩而被捕，但受害者拒絕作證，該案最終沒有審判。

[9][10] 1973年，加里多娶了他的高中同學克里斯蒂娜·墨菲，妻子墨菲稱加里多虐待她。 墨菲稱，當她試圖離開加里多時，加里多曾囚禁她。

[11]

1976年，加里多在South Lake Tahoe, California綁架了凱薩琳·卡拉維。

他將卡拉維帶到Reno, Nevada的一間倉庫後強姦了五個半小時。

一名警察留意到停在外面的小車和倉庫的爛鎖，他敲門後，加里多開了門，這時卡拉維趁機呼救。加里多隨即被抓。

[12] 聯邦法院和州法院都起訴加里多，將其定罪。 [12][13]

1976年，法院要求對其進行精神鑑定，鑑定結果里加里多被確診為「性變態和慢性吸毒者。」

[14][失效連結] 精神科醫生建議對加里多進行神經學檢查，因為加里多濫用慢性藥物可能「部分導致」了他的「混合」（"mixed"）和「多重」的性偏離。

神經學家檢查加里多後指其神經系統正常。 [15]

加里多在法庭上作證時說，他會在小學和中學附近停車，望著女學生在車上自慰。 1977年3月9日，加里多被判入獄50年。1977年6月30日，在堪薩斯州的Leavenworth Penitentiary開始服刑。 [13][16]

At Leavenworth監獄時，1982年10月5日，加里多認識了來探叔叔監的南希·博卡內格拉，後來兩人在Leavenworth完婚。

1988年1月22日，加里多移監到內華達州，服刑了7個月後，即1988年8月26日，他又移交到安尼克的聯邦假釋局（federal parole authorities）。

[13]

在安尼克時，加里多與年邁且患有痴呆的母親同住。

因為他是假釋犯，他受到監視，隨後戴上安有GPS的腳環，定期接受假釋官、當地警長代表和聯邦特工的訪探（local sheriff’s deputies and federal agents.）。

[17]

Abduction and search effort

編輯

1990年9月，潔西·杜加一家從♣～Orange County city of Garden Grove～♣搬到了♣～South Lake Tahoe～♣，因為他們認為那裡是個安全的社區。

綁架時，杜加才五年級，因為她的害羞，♦→was worrying about an upcoming field trip. 她和媽媽泰瑞·普羅賓及尚是嬰兒的妹妹親近。而她的親身父親已經離開了這個家庭。

儘管她母親後來再嫁，但她不予繼父卡爾·普羅賓親近。1991年6月10日，杜加的媽媽（在印刷廠當排字工人）在在當天早些時♦→left for work。

杜加，穿著她最喜愛的粉紅色衣服，從山腳下的家去趕校車，♦→ walking against traffic.

當她走至半山腰時，一輛小汽車靠近了她。她以為車裡的男子是想問路。

男子降下車窗，菲利普·加里多用電擊槍擊暈杜加，將其綁架。開車行駛回加里多在安尼克的家，距離杜加的家兩小時車程。

南希·加里多（whom the District Attorney in the 杜加 case believes scouted 杜加 as a prize for her husband）將迷迷糊糊的杜加帶下車。

杜加唯一的一次說話是在她承認她的父母付不起贖金時。 [18][19]

卡爾·普羅賓在他們家的視線範圍內目睹了繼女被綁架。

他看見了：在一個灰色轎車♣～(possibly a Mercury Monarch or Mercury Zephyr)～♣的兩人在杜加等待的校車停站點打了一個U型轉後，出來一個婦女強迫杜加上車。♣～(在2011年7月10日的 a Primetime 採訪中，杜加稱他們用電擊槍使她不能動彈，失去反抗能力。) Probyn騎了自行車去追那車，但沒能追上。

杜加的一些同學也看到了綁架過程。

初始嫌疑人里包括 Probyn 和 杜加的生父 Ken Slayton,

Probyn通過了幾個測謊測試，而 Slayton 也很快洗除嫌疑。

[20]

這時候加里多和妻子已經回到在 Walnut Avenue 的家，（ in an unincorporated area in northeast Antioch）～♣

[21]

他們將杜加脫得一絲不掛，只留下一隻蝴蝶型戒指，然後囚禁了她18年。

把她當作他們的財產， Phillip Garrido放了塊毯子到杜加頭上，然後帶到後院的一塊區域（放著棚子－雞舍？－和其他儲藏單元格）給她戴上手銬，把杜加放進其中一個隔音的小單元格里，接著（？－用螺栓固定關閉了格子）。

恐嚇她如果想逃跑的話，院子裡數頭訓練有素的杜賓犬就會攻擊她。

[18]

杜加失蹤的數小時內，當地和全美媒體都匯聚到 South Lake Tahoe，大肆報道此事，作為頭條。 接下來幾天中，幾十位自願的當地居民協助搜索工作，幾乎搜遍整個社區。

在後來的幾周內，成千上萬的尋人傳單和海報郵寄到全美各個企業。 因為杜加最喜歡粉紅色，該城鎮到處都掛有粉紅色的絲帶，以不斷提醒人們幫助尋找杜加和表明全社區對這個家庭的明確支持。

[18][22][23]

杜加的母親Terry Probyn 成立了團體 「潔西的希望」來指導籌款活動和指引志願者該如何尋找杜加。 歌曲「Jaycee Lee」的盒式錄音磁帶和T恤、運動衫、紐扣，都義賣來籌款，以支付海報材料費、郵資、印刷費及其他相關開支。

尋找兒童國際組織（Child Quest International）和美國國家失蹤與受虐兒童中心（the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children）也都給予了幫助。 尋人傳單和海報說明了會有酬謝。

此起綁架案引起全國關注，電視節目「美國人最願之物」（America's Most Wanted）將其作為在1991年6月14日播出的特色內容之一。

[24] 隨後的幾月和數年中，志願者不斷為杜加籌款、燭光守夜和讓公眾持續關注杜加的綁架事件，同時也讓公眾和政府關注兒童安全問題，出台相關措施保證兒童安全。

[25]

囚禁

編輯

Phillip Garrido 將杜加帶回家後，就馬上強迫杜加和他一起洗澡。

約一周後，加里多強姦了杜加，當時她仍戴著手銬。

那段時間裡，除加里多外，杜加接觸不了任何人，而加里多時不時會給杜加帶來速食和講故事逗她笑。

沒有廁所，加里多隻給了杜加一個便桶。

某種程度上說，加里多也給了杜加台電視機，但她看不了新聞，也不知道大家在極力尋找她的下落。

據杜加回憶，在綁架後約一個半月加里多將她移到後院另一更大的房間裡，用手銬把她銬在床上。

加里多對杜加解釋說，是「邪惡天使」（demon angels）叫他把杜加帶來，讓杜加幫助他解決性問題，因為社會已經對他置之不理。

加里多還對杜加說，如果杜加和他從事性行為，他就不會去加害其他女孩，這樣一來杜加就保護了她們。加里多把強姦杜加的過程錄了下來。

加里多吸食甲基苯丙胺時，對杜加稱這是「runs」，會讓杜加穿上衣服，叫她一起從色情雜誌上剪下人物。

加里多吸毒後出現幻聽，他就叫杜加仔細聆聽「牆裡傳出的聲音」。

吸毒的加里多在興奮臨結束時就會對著杜加抽泣和道歉，然後反覆威脅要將杜加賣掉，而買家會把杜加關進籠子裡。

[18]

囚禁了杜加數月後，加里多向妻子南希介紹了杜加。南希給杜加帶了一個毛絨玩具狗和巧克力牛奶，也會和丈夫一樣向杜加含淚道歉。

杜加當時渴望南希的認可，而現在杜加回想起來才明白這是南希用以操縱她的部分把戲。

南希對杜加反覆無常，時而慈母般關愛，時而殘酷無情，猜忌杜加，視她為眼中釘。

南希當時是一家療養院助理，而杜加後來說她的性格「邪惡」、「扭曲」。

因未通過毒品測試，加里多重返監獄，期間就換南希看守杜加。

加里多還給杜加展現了兩回會「神秘消失」的小貓來進一步操縱杜加。

杜加為她的貓寫日記時，在日記首頁里署上真名，拿給加里多看後，加里多強迫她撕掉那一頁，數年後才允許杜加說、寫她的名字。

[18]

懷孕和小孩

編輯

34月的囚禁里，加里多開始不再給杜加上手銬，但仍把她鎖在房間內。

1994年4月3日，復活節，他們第一次給杜加吃煮食。

他們認為杜加懷孕了，也告訴了她這一消息。

Age 13 and four-and-a-half months pregnant,杜加看電視後懂得了性與懷孕之間的關係。

這時，Terry Probyn一邊照顧小女兒Shana，一邊靠義賣去請私人偵探，還分發了數不清的傳單到美國各地，上面印著杜加十幾歲樣子的素描畫。

杜加看了介紹分娩的電視節目來準備生育。1994年8月18日，她生下了第一個女兒。1997年11月13日，第二個女兒降世。

[18][26][27][28]

杜加用從電視節目中搜集到的信息，細心照顧她的女兒，希望保護她們不受加里多侵害，而加里多（who continued his 大聲咆哮 and lectures.）

[18]


加里多的鄰居 Patrick McQuaid 回憶道， as a child,在案發不久，看到穿過加里多後院籬笆的杜加。他說，she had identified herself by the name "Jaycee" ，當他問杜加是住在這兒還是來這玩，杜加回答她住在這兒。話聲未落，加里多就出來把杜加帶回室內。

隨後，加里多在後院周圍建了八英尺高的籬笆，給杜加搭了一個帳篷，（？－這是杜加被綁後第一次允許出外走走。）

[18][29][失效連結]

She coped with her continued captivity by planting flowers in a garden and home-schooling her daughters.

At one point, Phillip Garrido informed Dugard that to pacify his wife, Dugard and her daughters would address Nancy as their mother, and Dugard would teach her daughters that she was their older sister.

[18] When Dugard and her daughters were eventually allowed to come into contact with other people, they upheld this fiction.

[30]

Garrido operated a print shop where Dugard acted as the graphics artist.

Ben Daughdrill, a customer of Garrido's printing business, claimed he met and spoke by telephone with Dugard and that she did excellent work.

During this time, Dugard had access to the business phone and an email account. One customer of the printing business indicated she never hinted to him about her childhood abduction or true identity.

[31]

While in Antioch, Garrido kept a blog associated with what he called "God's Desire Church." In the blog Garrido said he had the power to control sound with his mind.

Garrido asked several people, including customers, to sign testimonials confirming that they witnessed his ability to "control sound with my mind" and a device he developed "for others to witness this phenomena （原文如此）."

[32][33]

Law enforcement officers believe that when they became involved in 2009, Dugard's living quarters were in a secondary backyard behind Phillip Garrido's house.

The private area of the yard included sheds (one of which was soundproofed and used as a recording studio in which Garrido recorded himself singing

religious-themed and romantic country songs),[18] two tents, and what has been described as a camping-style shower and toilet.

The area was surrounded by tall trees and a 6-英尺（1.8-公尺） high fence.

An entrance to the secondary backyard was covered by trees and a tarpaulin.

Privacy was enhanced by tents and outbuildings,[34]

and also housed a car that matched the description of the one used in the abduction. Electricity was supplied by extension cords.

[35]

Law enforcement officers visited the residence at least twice, did not request to inspect the back yard,

[34]

and did not detect Dugard or her children in the areas of the property that they did inspect.

[36]

Witnesses interviewed stated Jaycee Dugard was seen in the house and sometimes answered the front door to talk to people, but never stated a problem or attempted to leave.

[37]

While the family kept to themselves, the girls were sometimes seen playing in the backyard or as passengers in Garrido's car.

[38]

Dugard's aunt, Tina Dugard, and a former business associate of the Garridos, Cheyvonne Molino, have commented that Dugard's children looked healthy.

Tina Dugard said that upon her meeting them after their reappearance, they "always appeared and behaved like normal kids".


Molino said of the times she met them while they were captive "that in her presence the girls never acted robotically" and didn't wear unusual clothing.

[39][40]

Missed opportunities to rescue Dugard

編輯
  • Police failed to make the connection that Jaycee Lee Dugard was kidnapped in South Lake Tahoe, the same location as Garrido's 1976 kidnapping and rape of Katherine Callaway Hall.[來源請求]
  • On April 22, 1992, less than a year after her kidnapping, a man called the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Department from a gas station in Oakley, California, less than two miles from the Garridos' home in Antioch. The caller reported that he saw Dugard in the gas station staring intently at a missing child poster of herself. The caller then reported seeing her leave in a large yellow van, possibly a Dodge. In 2009, after Dugard's release, an old yellow Dodge van was recovered from the Garrido property, one that matched the description of the van given in the call. The license plate was not reported in the 1992 call; the caller, the girl, and the van were gone by the time police arrived. The caller never identified himself, and the police did not pursue the matter any further.[41] In contradiction to this story, Jaycee Dugard reported that she never left the Garrido property from the day she was kidnapped until shortly before her first child was born in August 1994.[42]
  • In June 2002, the fire department responded to a report of a juvenile with a shoulder injury that occurred in a swimming pool at Garrido's home. This information was not relayed to the parole office, which had no record of either a juvenile or a swimming pool at Garrido's address.[43]
  • In 2006, one of Garrido's neighbors called 9-1-1 to inform them there were tents in the backyard with children living there and that Garrido was "psychotic" with sexual addictions. A deputy sheriff spoke with Garrido at the front of the house for about 30 minutes and left after telling him there would be a code violation if people were living outside on the property. After Dugard was found in August 2009, the local police issued an apology.[34][44]
  • On November 4, 2009, the California Office of the Inspector General issued a report that enumerated lapses by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation that contributed to Dugard's continued captivity. The central finding was that Garrido was incorrectly classified as needing only low-level supervision and all other lapses were derived from it. In his report, the inspector general detailed an instance in which a parole agent encountered a 12-year-old girl at the home but accepted Garrido's "explanation that she was his brother's daughter and [the agent] did nothing to verify it," despite the fact that a call to Garrido's brother verified that he did not have children.[45][失效連結]

Reappearance

編輯
Jaycee Dugard
出生Jaycee Lee Dugard
(1980-05-03) 1980年5月3日（44歲）
Anaheim, California
國籍American
家鄉South Lake Tahoe, California
兒女Daughter (born August 18, 1994)
Daughter (born November 13, 1997).

On August 24, 2009, Garrido visited the San Francisco office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and left a four-page essay containing his ideas about religion and sexuality, suggesting he had discovered a solution to problem behaviors like his past crimes. The essay described how he had cured his criminal sexual behaviors and how that information could be used to assist in curing other sexual predators by "controlling human impulses that drive humans to commit dysfunctional acts."[46] On the same day, Phillip Garrido went to a University of California, Berkeley police office with his two daughters, seeking permission to hold a special event on campus as a part of his "God's Desire" program. He spoke with U.C. Berkeley special events manager Lisa Campbell. She perceived his behavior as "erratic" and the girls to be "sullen and submissive." She asked him to make an appointment for the next day, which he did, leaving his name in the process. Officer Ally Jacobs discovered through a background check on Garrido that he was a registered sex offender on federal parole for kidnapping and rape. When Garrido and the two girls returned for their appointment at 2pm the following day, August 25, Campbell made a point of sitting in during the meeting. The girls appeared to Jacobs to be pale, as if having not been exposed to sunlight, and their behavior unusual. Having no basis for an arrest, she phoned the parole office to relay her concerns, leaving a report of the meeting on voicemail.[45][47][48][49][50][51]

After hearing Jacobs' recorded message, two parole agents drove to Garrido's house later that day. Upon arrival, they handcuffed him and searched the house, finding only his wife Nancy and his elderly mother at home. Then the parole agents drove Garrido back to the parole office. En route, Garrido said that the girls who had accompanied him to UC Berkeley "were the daughters of a relative, and he had permission from their parents to take them to the university." Although the parole office had barred Garrido from being around minors a month before, and although Berkeley was 40 miles from Garrido’s Antioch residence, 15 miles in excess of the 25-mile limit from his home where he was allowed to travel without permission from his parole agent, the agents overlooked this violation. After reviewing his file with a supervisor, they drove him home and ordered him to report back to the office again the next day to further discuss his visit to UC Berkeley and follow up on their concerns about the two girls.[45]

Garrido arrived at the parole office in Concord on August 26 with his wife, Nancy, the two girls and Jaycee Lee Dugard, who was introduced as "Allissa".[52][53] The parole officer decided to separate Garrido from the women and girls to obtain an identification.[54]

Dugard, maintaining her false identity as "Allissa", told investigators that the girls were her daughters. Although she indicated that she was aware that Garrido was a convicted sex offender, she stated that he was a "changed man", a "great person" and was "good with her kids",[54][55] comments that were echoed by the two girls. When pressed for details that would confirm her identity, Dugard became "extremely defensive" and "agitated", demanding to know why she was being "interrogated", and subsequently stated that she was a battered wife from Minnesota who was in hiding from her abusive husband. The parole officer eventually called the Concord police. Upon the arrival of a police sergeant, Garrido admitted he had kidnapped and raped her. Only after this did Dugard identify herself as Jaycee Dugard. It was later suggested that Dugard was beginning to show signs of Stockholm syndrome during her questioning.[54][55]

Garrido and his wife were placed under arrest. An FBI Special Agent put Dugard on the telephone with her mother, Terry Probyn. Dugard retained custody of her children and was soon reunited with her mother.[56][57][58][失效連結]

Aftermath

編輯

Reunion and afterward

編輯
File:A Stolen Life by Jaycee Dugard.jpg
Dugard's memoir, A Stolen Life

In the days following Dugard's return, Carl Probyn, her stepfather, confirmed that she and her daughters were in good health and intelligent; their reunion was going well; and they were proceeding slowly. He said his stepdaughter had developed a significant emotional bond with Phillip Garrido, and the girls cried when they learned of their father's arrest. Jaycee Dugard's aunt, Tina Dugard, said about the daughters: "They are clever, articulate, curious girls who have a bright future ahead of them."[59][60][61] Ernie Allen, president of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, said Dugard's reappearance is an important event for families of other long-term missing children, because it shows that there is hope even in long-term cases. Notable abduction survivor Elizabeth Smart has stressed the importance of focusing on the future with a positive attitude as an effective approach to accepting what has happened.[62][63][64] Shawn Hornbeck, another abduction survivor, commented on the case.[65]

Three weeks after her release, Jaycee Dugard made a request to gain control of the pets that were raised in the home where she was held captive.[66] On October 14, 2009, People published on its cover the first verified photo of Jaycee Dugard as an adult. Her mother, Terry Probyn, was reported in 2009 to have planned with Broadway Books to publish a book, originally set for release in 2010, detailing Dugard's decades-long absence and return.[67] Dugard's memoir, A Stolen Life, was published on July 12, 2011, by Simon & Schuster.

Police investigations

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Following the arrest, police extensively searched the Garrido house for evidence of other crimes. Because Phillip Garrido had access to his neighbor's house, it was also searched for evidence.[68][69] Police also searched the homes and business of one of Phillip Garrido's printing business clients.[70] Police agencies from Hayward, California, and Dublin, California, conducted searches of the Garridos' property for evidence pertaining to missing girls from those communities. The results of the search turned up no clues to the disappearances of the girls.[71] In July 2011 Hayward police announced that Garrido has not been eliminated as a suspect and is still a person of interest in the case of Michaela Garecht.[72][失效連結]

Garrido's statements

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On August 27, 2009, KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California interviewed Garrido in his jail cell by telephone. During the interview Garrido said, "In the end, this is going to be a powerful, heartwarming story"[73] because, in his version of events:

My life has been straightened out. ... Wait till you hear the story of what took place at this house. You're going to be absolutely impressed. It’s a disgusting thing that took place with me at the beginning, but I turned my life completely around.[73]

 
Investigators at the Garridos' Antioch home

Garrido repeatedly told the reporter how he "filed documents" with the FBI on August 24, 2009, which, when they were published, would cause people to "fall over backwards" and that he could not reveal more because he "had to protect law enforcement" and "what happened" [...] was "something that humans have not understood well." In the interview Garrido denied he had ever harmed Dugard's two daughters. He said their births changed his life and "they slept in my arms every single night since birth. I never touched them." On August 28, 2009, FBI spokesman Joseph Schadler confirmed that Garrido had indeed left the documents with the agency, as he had claimed, but declined to discuss further details.[73] The document, titled Origin of Schizophrenia Revealed, was eventually released by the FBI. It is about stopping schizophrenics from turning violent and controlling sounds with the human mind.[74]

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On August 28, 2009, Garrido and his wife pleaded not guilty to charges including kidnapping, rape and false imprisonment. A bail review/pre-preliminary hearing was held September 14, 2009, at the El Dorado County Superior Court in Placerville, California.[75] At the hearing, Superior Court Judge Douglas Phimister set bail for Phillip Garrido at $30 million. However, there was a no-bail parole hold on Garrido. The judge kept Nancy Garrido in custody on a no-bail hold but able to request bail at a later date.[76][77] At the September 14 hearing, Phimister also granted a request from Phillip Garrido's attorney to have a psychologist or psychiatrist appointed to conduct a confidential evaluation of Garrido. Such examinations can be used by the defense to assist in case preparation, and additional mental health examinations can be ordered at subsequent phases in the proceedings.[78] On October 29, 2009, a short hearing was held to set a date for the next pre-preliminary hearing when issues such as discovery were to be discussed. This hearing occurred on December 11, 2009. Katie Callaway Hall, whom Phillip Garrido raped in 1976, appeared in the courtroom in the October and December hearings. She did not speak in either proceeding.[79][80]

On November 5, 2009, Phimister ordered Nancy Garrido's defense attorney, Gilbert Maines, to be removed from the case. According to a posting on the court's website,[81][失效連結] the decision occurred in review of "confidential evidence" that has not been disclosed to the public, and details of the proceedings were kept sealed. The decision was immediately stayed until November 30, 2009.[82] On November 12, 2009, Phimister appointed Stephen A. Tapson as interim counsel for Nancy Garrido.[83][失效連結] Gilbert Maines appealed the decision and was given a favorable ruling by the California Third District Court of Appeal on December 15, 2009.[84] On December 22, 2009, the same court gave the Eldorado Superior Court until January 2010 to respond to the ruling.[85][失效連結] Both Gilbert Maines and Stephen Tapson appeared at the discovery hearing on December 11, 2009.[80] A hearing was held on January 21, 2010. At that hearing, Maines was removed from the case and Tapson was appointed defense counsel for Nancy Garrido. In addition, bail in the amount of $20 million was set for Nancy Garrido.[86][失效連結]

At a press conference on February 28, 2011, Tapson said that Mr. and Mrs. Garrido had both made a 'full confession' in the case. The development came as lawyers for both sides re-opened discussions on a possible plea deal that had the potential to obviate the need for a trial. Mrs. Garrido's attorney acknowledged that she was facing "241 years, eight months to life" and that he was working for a reduced sentence in the 30-year range. He stated that the prosecutor had acknowledged that Mr. Garrido was a master-manipulator and that Mrs. Garrido was under both his influence and that of substances during the period of Dugard's kidnapping, so should receive some consideration while alluding to parallels with Patty Hearst and Stockholm syndrome.[87]

On Thursday, April 7, 2011, Phillip and Nancy Garrido, instead of pleading guilty (as had been expected based on the previous statements) pleaded not guilty to charges of kidnapping and raping Dugard, as well as other charges, in an amended indictment. Phillip Garrido's attorney, public defender Susan Gellman, alleged that the grand jury might have been improperly selected and might have acted improperly. Gellman did not elaborate on her claim in the courtroom, but said outside that she had questions about the racial and geographic makeup of the grand jury that originally indicted the Garridos in September 2010. Judge Phimister noted that there were issues about the process itself before the grand jury, and also stated that the court would consider whether the grand jury acted appropriately. These developments were largely unforeseen by attorney Stephen Tapson, who represented Nancy Garrido; Tapson had said earlier that week that Phillip Garrido had made a deal with prosecutors to plead guilty and spend the rest of his life in prison. Gellman was upset with Tapson for telling reporters that her client had planned to plead guilty, saying that Tapson should speak about only his own client, Nancy Garrido. Tapson said he found out about Gellman's plans only late on April 6. Neither attorney would elaborate further on the specific concerns about the grand jury. El Dorado County, California District Attorney Vern Pierson said he did not think the complaints about the grand jury would ultimately derail the case against the Garridos.[88]

On April 28, 2011, the Garridos pleaded guilty to kidnapping and rape.[89] On June 2, 2011, Phillip Garrido was sentenced to 431 years imprisonment. Nancy Garrido received 36 years to life.[1] Phillip Garrido is serving his sentence at California State Prison, Corcoran while Nancy Garrido is incarcerated at Central California Women's Facility.[90] Dugard, who did not attend the sentencing, had sent a written statement that was read aloud in court:

"I chose not to be here today because I refuse to waste another second of my life in your presence. I've chosen to have my mom read this for me. Phillip Garrido, you are wrong. I could never say that to you before, but I have the freedom now and I am saying you are a liar and all of your so-called theories are wrong. Everything you have ever done to me has been wrong and someday I hope you can see that. What you and Nancy did was reprehensible. You always justified everything to suit yourself but the reality is and always has been that to make someone else suffer for your inability to control yourself and for you, Nancy, to facilitate his behavior and trick young girls for his pleasure is evil. There is no God in the universe that would condone your actions. To you, Phillip, I say that I have always been a thing for your own amusement. I hated every second of every day of 18 years because of you and the sexual perversion you forced on me. To you, Nancy, I have nothing to say. Both of you can save your apologies and empty words. For all the crimes you have both committed I hope you have as many sleepless nights as I did. Yes, as I think of all of those years I am angry because you stole my life and that of my family. Thankfully I am doing well now and no longer live in a nightmare. I have wonderful friends and family around me. Something you can never take from me again. You do not matter any more."

——Jaycee Lee Dugard，June 2, 2011

Settlement with the State of California

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In July 2010, the State of California approved a $20 million settlement with Jaycee Dugard, to compensate her for "various lapses by the Corrections Department [which contributed to] Dugard's continued captivity, ongoing sexual assault and mental and/or physical abuse." The settlement, part of AB1714, was approved by the California State Assembly by a 70 to 2 vote, and by the California State Senate by a 30 to 1 vote. San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Daniel Weinstein, who mediated the settlement, stated that the settlement was reached to avoid a lawsuit which would be a "greater invasion of privacy and greater publicity for the state."[91]

The bill was signed by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on July 9.[92][93]

Lawsuit against the United States

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On September 22, 2011, Dugard filed suit in United States District Court for the Northern District of California accusing the United States of failing to monitor Garrido when he was a federal parolee.[94]

In media

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  • Dugard documented her life in captivity in a book, A Stolen Life: A Memoir, which she wrote as part of her therapy with Rebecca Bailey, who specializes in post-trauma family reunification. Dugard says she wrote the book, which was published in July 2011, to assist other survivors of sexual abuse.[18] A few days before the book was released, Dugard gave her first extensive television interview to ABC's Diane Sawyer.
  • An American crime show on the Investigation Discovery network titled Wicked Attraction aired an episode about Phillip and Nancy Garrido, which detailed Jaycee Dugard's kidnapping and recovery.[95]
  • A documentary that aired in October 2009 on Channel 4 in Britain titled Captive for 18 years: Jaycee Lee focused on the story of Dugard's kidnapping, recovery and the beginnings of trial including interviews with Jaycee's stepfather.[96]
  • Dugard was awarded a "Lifetime Leadership" honor at the third annual Diane von Furstenberg awards on March 9, 2012 for her courage and her JAYC Foundation which gives support to families dealing with abduction and other tragedies. The DVF awards honor women who are courageous and fight for justice.[97]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Jaycee Dugard kidnap: Victim rues 'stolen life'. BBC News. June 2, 2011. 
  2. ^ Huff, Steve. Meet Phillip Craig Garrido. True Crime Report. 2009-08-29. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Criminal Complaint (PDF). Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of El Dorado. 2009-08-28. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Gorman, Steve. The California couple charged with abducting 11-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard in 1991 and holding her captive for 18 years pleaded guilty on Thursday to kidnapping and sexual assault charges that carry life prison sentencis.. Reuters. April 28, 2011 [April 28, 2011]. 
  5. ^ Sherwell, Philip. Jaycee Lee Dugard abductor Phillip Garrido wanted 'cute blonde girl'. The Telegraph. 2009-09-12. 
  6. ^ Jaycee Dugard says she hated every second of 18 years in captivity. New York Post. Associated Press. June 2, 2011. 
  7. ^ Huspeni, Dennis (September 6, 2009). "Jaycee Lee Dugard: 'Creepy Phil' Garrido's tips on how to keep your children safe". The Telegraph.
  8. ^ Bulwa, Demian. Dugard: I never tried to run from Garridos. SF Gate. June 2, 2011 [3 June 2011]. [失效連結]
  9. ^ Suspect Faced ’72 Rape Case. The New York Times. September 3, 2009. 
  10. ^ California Registered Sex Offender Profile Display: Phillip Garrido. State of California Department of Justice: Megan's Law. [May 16, 2012]. 
  11. ^ Saltzman, Sammy Rose. Phillip Garrido 'Tried to Gouge My Eyes Out,' Says First Wife. Crimesider. CBS News. 2009-09-01. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Stanton, Sam; Minugh, Kim; Lillis, Ryan. Rape victim describes Garrido's attack. The Seattle Times. 2009-09-02 [2009-09-13]. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Nevada DPS Information on Phillip Garrido". KTVN. August 28, 2009.
  14. ^ Report of Lynn B. Gerow, Jr., M.D. (PDF). Los Angeles Times. 1976-09-20 [2009-11-01]. [失效連結]
  15. ^ Report of Albert F. Peterman, M.D. (PDF). Los Angeles Times. 1977-01-06 [2009-11-03]. 
  16. ^ Dillon, Nancy, and Siemaszko, Corky. Phillip Garrido, charged with kidnapping Jaycee Lee Dugard, told court he stalked girls at schools. Daily News. 2009-08-30 [2009-10-01]. 
  17. ^ Harvey, Mike. Jaycee police question kidnapper over prostitute murders. The Times (London). 2009-08-31 [2009-09-02]. 
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  20. ^ Raman, Manikandan (June 3, 2011) "Jaycee Dugard Case: Justice After 20 Years". International Business Times.
  21. ^ La Ganga, Maria L., Dolan, Maura, and Hennessy-Fiske, Molly. Sex offenders move to Antioch area 'because they can'. Los Angeles Times. 2009-08-31. 
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  32. ^ Simon, Mallory (August 29, 2009). "Alleged kidnapper couple met while man was in prison". CNN.
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  39. ^ Hardesty, Greg. Exclusive video: Interview with Jaycee's aunt. The Orange County Register. 2009-09-02. 
  40. ^ Smith, Ryan. Controversy: Jaycee Dugard Daughter's Photos. Crimesider. CBS News. 2009-09-01. 
  41. ^ Bulwa, Demian. 92 tipster told of girl like Dugard in Oakley. San Francisco Chronicle. 2009-10-05. 
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  43. ^ Scott, Robert Shattered Innocence. Pinnacle. 2011. Page 316.
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  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 45.2
  46. ^ Von Fremd, Mike; Snow, Kate; Splane, Stephen (August 30, 2009). "Dugard Kidnapping Suspect Told FBI He'd Cured Himself". ABC News.
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  52. ^ While some sources give the spelling of the name as "Alyssa", others such as the August 29, 2009 Daily Telegraph story and this September 1, 2009 Daily Mail story give it as "Allissa". Dugard herself states on page 151 of her memoir, "After a couple of days of thinking, I decide on my new name and tell Phillip and Nancy my choice. I say I want to be called Allissa. I used to love to watch Who's the Boss? and my favorite actress is Alyssa Milano. But I want a different spelling. I want it spelled A-L-L-I-S-S-A. This is what the girls [her daughters] will grow up calling me."
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  65. ^ Dodd, Johnny. Shawn Hornbeck: Jaycee Dugard Brainwashed, in Shock. People. September 4, 2009 [2009-10-26]. 
  66. ^ Animal control officials hope to reunite kidnap victim Jaycee Lee Dugard with her 12 pets. Los Angeles Times. 2009-09-18 [2009-09-20]. 
  67. ^ People magazine. October 26, 2009
  68. ^ Allen, Nick. Jaycee Lee Dugard: 'Death dogs' search Phillip Garrido's home for missing girls. The Telegraph (London). 2009-08-31 [2009-09-01]. 
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  72. ^ Cox, Terri. Phillip Garrido May Have More Victims. Fox 40. 2011-07-13. [失效連結]
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  74. ^ Garrido, Phillip. Origin of Schizophrenia Revealed. Scribd. [May 16, 2012]. 
  75. ^ People of the State of California v. Phillip Garrido and Nancy Garrido. Superior Court of California, County of El Dorado. 2009-09-08 [2009-09-13]. 
  76. ^ La Ganga, Maria L. Phillip Garrido's bail set at $30 million, will undergo psychiatric testing. Los Angeles Times. 2009-09-14 [2009-09-14]. 
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  78. ^ Will Forensic Psychologists be involved in the Phillip Garrido case?. Everyday Psychology. September 5, 2009 [2009-09-20]. 
  79. ^ Garridos in court for hearing as 1976 rape victim watches. CNN. 2009-10-30 [2009-10-31]. 
  80. ^ 80.0 80.1 Garridos Have Brief Court Appearance. KCRA-TV. 2009-12-11 [2009-12-26]. 
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  82. ^ Nancy Garrido's Attorney Removed From Kidnap Case. KTVU. 2009-11-09 [2009-11-09]. 
  83. ^ Ex Parte Minute Order (PDF). Superior Court of California, El Dorado County. 2009-11-12 [2009-11-12]. [失效連結]
  84. ^ Egelko, Bob. Court: Nancy Garrido's lawyer wrongly bounced. San Francisco Chronicle. 2009-12-16 [2009-12-24]. 
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  89. ^ Gorman, Steve. The California couple charged with abducting 11-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard in 1991 and holding her captive for 18 years pleaded guilty on Thursday to kidnapping and sexual assault charges that carry life prison sentences.. Reuters. April 28, 2011 [April 28, 2011]. 
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  91. ^ Maria L. La Ganga; Shane Goldmacher. Jaycee Lee Dugard's family will receive $20 million from California. Los Angeles Times. July 2, 2010 [July 11, 2011]. 
  92. ^ California lawmakers approve $20 million to settle Dugard claims. CNN. 2010-07-01 [2010-07-01]. 
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