牛生长激素
牛生长激素(英語:bovine somatotropin或bovine growth hormone,缩写bST、BST或BGH)是牛脑垂体分泌的一种肽类激素,用于调节代谢过程、促进动物生长。研究发现将BST注入母牛体内可以增加其产奶量。[1]
自1970年代基因泰克发现了控制合成BST的基因后[2],使用重组DNA技术人工合成重组牛生长激素(英語:recombinant bovine somatotropin或recombinant bovine growth hormone,缩写rBST或rBGH)成为了可能。此后,孟山都、美国氰氨公司、礼来公司、普强公司等大型企业相继开发开发出了商用rBST并提交美国食品与药品管理局审核。[3][4]孟山都是其中最早获得批准的公司。除美国外,墨西哥、巴西、印度、俄罗斯等数十个国家也都批准了rBST的商用。[5]
不过,加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、以色列、欧盟、阿根廷等国家地区则禁止了市场上的rBST。
美国食品与药品管理局[6]、世界卫生组织[4]、国立卫生研究院[7]等机构聲稱使用rBST的奶产品及肉类对人类是安全的。不过在美国,由于部分公众的疑虑,一些生产厂家会在牛奶上贴上“不含rBST”的标签。[8][9][10][11]
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑- ^ Charlotte P. Brennand, PhD, Extension Food Safety Specialist. Bovine Somatotropin in Milk (PDF). [2011-03-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04).
- ^ Keith Schneider. 10 June 1990. "Betting the Farm on Biotech." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). the New York Times
- ^ Bijman, J. (1996), "Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin in Europe and the USA." Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 27, p. 2-5.[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Bovine Somatotropin. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Monograph [2] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ William D. Dobson. June 1996 The BST Case (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Staff Paper Series No.397
- ^ Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin. 1999 [2009-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-23).
- ^ Bovine Somatotropin. NIH State of the Science Statements. National Institutes of Health. [2015-01-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-30).
- ^ Safeway milk free of bovine hormone. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. 22 January 2007 [2008-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-25).
- ^ North, R. Safeway & Chipotle Chains Dropping Milk & Dairy Derived from Monsanto's Bovine Growth Hormone. Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility. 10 January 2007 [2008-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-03).
- ^ Kroger to complete transition to certified rBST-free milk by early 2008 (press release). Kroger. 2007 [2008-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-30).
- ^ Statement and Q&A-Starbucks Completes its Conversion – All U.S. Company-Operated Stores Use Dairy Sourced Without the Use of rBGH. Starbucks Corporation. [2008-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-29).
外部連結
编辑- Public Health on "Public Health Aspects of the Use of Bovine Somatotrophin" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Labeling Issues, Revolving Doors, rBGH, Bribery and Monsanto (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Sustainable table article the topic
- Milk: From the People Who Brought You Agent Orange, PCBs, Dioxin, Benzene, Weed Killer and Saccharine by KPFK radio Page Getz"