蒂奥得螺属

腹足綱蜑螺科軟體動物的一個屬

蒂奥得螺属(學名:Theodoxus)是腹足綱蜑螺科軟體動物的一個,體型細小,有螺厴,棲息於淡水半咸水環境中[2]

蒂奥得螺属
化石时期:始新世 至現在
An oblique left side view of a live Theodoxus fluviatilis英语Theodoxus fluviatilis
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目: 蜑形目 Cycloneritida
总科: 蜑螺總科 Neritoidea
科: 蜑螺科 Neritidae
亚科: 蜑螺亚科 Neritinae
属: 蒂奥得螺属 Theodoxus
Montfort英语Pierre Denys de Montfort, 1810[1]
模式種
Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810
異名[2]
  • Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912
  • Calvertia Bourguignat, 1881
  • Meganinnia Davitashvili, 1930
  • Nerita (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • Neritina Montfort, 1810
  • Neritina (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855
  • Neritina (Neritodonta) Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritina (Theodoxia) Bourguignat, 1877 (unjustified emendation)
  • Neritina (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • Neritoconus Kobelt, 1871
  • Neritodonta Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912
  • Ninnia Brusina, 1903
  • Neritoglobus Kobelt, 1871
  • Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930 (original rank)
  • Pettretinia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • Saintsimonia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • Theodoxia Bourguignat, 1877 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus)
  • Theodoxis Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)
  • Theodoxus (Brusinaella) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Calvertia) Bourguignat, 1880· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Neritonyx) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Ninniopsis) Tomlin, 1930· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810· accepted, alternate representation
  • Tripaloia Bourguignat, 1881

分佈

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本屬物種分佈於歐洲及北非,並往東延伸至伊朗南部英语List of non-marine molluscs of Iran[3]。除本屬以外,蜑螺科並沒有其他屬與本屬具同域分佈英语sympatric[4]。這在蜑螺科相當例外,因為其他蜑螺科物種只分佈於南半球的熱帶[4]。本屬物種均為蜑螺科僅有棲息於温带的物種[4]

Bunje 和 Lindberg (2007) 提出了Theodoxus分支的第一个系统发育假说。 [4] Theodoxus属的进化受到中新世地中海副特提斯海分离的影响。 [4]

形態描述

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Representative row of radula teeth of T. fluviatilis

本屬物種的螺殼半卵形,具有平坦的殼口。沒有螺臍英语umbilicus (mollusc)螺柱英语columella (gastropod)及內螺層英语whorl (mollusc)溶解[3]

蒂奥得螺属物種間的差異,無論是大小、外殼膜上的顏色與花紋變化、螺厣齒舌的細節都有很大差異,這使得本屬物種的辨認比較困難[5]

生態

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These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers.[3] Theodoxus needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary.[3] Green algae [需要解释] are not consumed; Theodoxus has no 纤维素酶s.[3] These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.[3]

物種

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截至2007年,還未有對蒂奥得螺属作系統評價的研究[4]。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本屬至少有34個現害種;而在2015年度的國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄列出了本屬包括有至少23個物種[6]

本屬包括下列各物種:

Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912[7]
Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880[8]
Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912[9]
Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930[10]
Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855[11]
Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
Subgenus ?

Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838[28] IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0[失效連結] -->

Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->

Synonyms
  • Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
  • Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)[29]
  • Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)[30] is a synonym of Neritina euphratica英语Neritina euphratica Mousson, 1874[31]
  • Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887
  • Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)[29]
  • Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893)
  • Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
  • Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823)
  • Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of Neritina usnea英语Neritina usnea (Röding, 1798)
  • Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
  • Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880): synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
  • Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)[29]
  • Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Neritina virginea英语Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

參考文獻

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本條目包含源自公有领域的內容[3]

  1. ^ Montfort D. de英语Pierre Denys de Montfort (1810). Conchyliologie systématique, et classification méthodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement générique, leurs descriptions caractéristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destiné à faciliter l'étude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonnées. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell). page 350.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P. (2014). Theodoxus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153531页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on 2014-11-17.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Genus summary for Theodoxus "页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). AnimalBase英语AnimalBase, last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bunje P. M. & Lindberg D. R. (2007). "Lineage divergence of a freshwater snail clade associated with post-Tethys marine basin development". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42(2): 373–387. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026.
  5. ^ Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & Röhner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". Journal of Conchology英语Journal of Conchology 38(3): 305-316. .pdf PDF[永久失效連結].
  6. ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 March 2015. (Searching for "Theodoxus".)
  7. ^ Andrussov (1912). Verh. Russ. min. Ges. St. Pétersburg (2)49: 4
  8. ^ Bourguignat (1880). Etude Foss. Tert. Quat. Vallée Cettina, page 44.
  9. ^ Andrussov (1912). Verh. Russ. min. Ges. St. Pétersburg (2)49: page 4 (Brusinaella) and page 1 (Neritonyx).
  10. ^ Tomlin J. R. le B.英语John Read le Brockton Tomlin (1930). "Some preoccupied generic names.—II". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London英语Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 19(1): 22-24, page 24.
  11. ^ Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
  12. ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 "Species in genus Theodoxus "页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (n=20). AnimalBase英语AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2011.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Neritaea"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 (德語) Schütt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und Ökologie türkischer Süßwasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), PDF页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  15. ^ Van Damme, D.; Ghamizi, M. Theodoxus niloticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T184690A8314592 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T184690A8314592.en . 
  16. ^ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 "Theodoxus "页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
  17. ^ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Bunje, P. M. E. Pan-European phylogeography of the aquatic snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritidae). Molecular Ecology. 2005, 14 (14): 4323–4340. PMID 16313596. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02703.x.  PDF页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Anistratenko O. Y., Starobogatov Y. I.英语Yaroslav Starobogatov & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". Vestnik Zoologii 33: 11-19.
  21. ^ Zettler, M.; Van Damme, D. Theodoxus meridionalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T165354A6005925 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165354A6005925.en . 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Zettler M. L. (2007). "A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea". Journal of Conchology英语Journal of Conchology 39(3): 245-252. abstract. 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2011-07-22.
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 Glöer P. (2002). Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., ISBN 3-925919-60-0.
  24. ^ WoRMS (2010). Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216264页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on 2011-04-11
  25. ^ Van Damme, D.; Ghamizi, M. Theodoxus maresi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T21727A9314600 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21727A9314600.en . 
  26. ^ Van Damme, D.; Ghamizi, M. Theodoxus marteli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T184623A8302935 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T184623A8302935.en . 
  27. ^ Van Damme, D.; Ghamizi, M. Theodoxus numidicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T21728A9314774 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21728A9314774.en . 
  28. ^ Madhyastha A., Dutta J. & Daniel B. A. (2010). Theodoxus reticularis[失效連結]. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Goodwin D. R. (2006). "The Discovery of Neritina (Theodoxus ) cariosa (Wood, 1828) on the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Visaya Net 11 pp. PDF页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  30. ^ Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 2(2): 9 pp. PDF页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  31. ^ Glöer P. & Pešić V.英语Vladimir Pešić (2012). "The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species". ZooKeys 219: 11-61, doi:10.3897/zookeys.219.3406.
  • Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366

外部連結

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