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User:顏嘉佑/Draft/山繆·李德爾·麥奎格·馬瑟斯

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山繆·李德爾·麥奎格·馬瑟斯
身著埃及服裝的塞繆爾·利德爾·麥克逵格·馬瑟斯，在黃金黎明協會的儀式中扮演伊西斯。
出生山繆·李德爾·馬瑟斯
1854年1月8日或11日
 英国大倫敦哈克尼倫敦自治市
逝世1918年11月5日或20日（64歲）
 法國巴黎[1]
居住地沙福郡伯里聖埃德蒙茲
国籍 英国
母校貝德福德學校（英语：Bedford School）
职业神秘學家
知名于黃金黎明協會
配偶莫伊娜·馬瑟斯（英语：Moina Mathers）
父母威廉·M·馬瑟斯
赫耳墨斯主义
Hermes Trismegistus
神话学
赫耳墨斯主义
“全宇宙三大智慧”
重要發展
神秘學協會
神秘學主題
神秘學家

山繆·李德爾·麥奎格·馬瑟斯（英語：Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers，1854年1月8日或11日—1918年11月5日或20日），英国神秘學學者。「黃金黎明協會」的創辦人之一。

早年

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馬瑟斯於1854年1月8日或11日出生於英國大倫敦哈克尼區。他的父親威廉·M·馬瑟斯很早就去世了。他的母親，其姓氏是柯林斯，於1885年去世。他在貝德福德學校（英语：Bedford School）上學，隨後在多塞特郡的伯恩茅斯工作，擔任職員，母親去世後，馬瑟斯搬到倫敦市。

他的妻子是哲學家亨利·柏格森的妹妹莫伊娜·馬瑟斯（英语：Moina Mathers）（本名米娜·柏格森）。

生平

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Mathers added the "MacGregor" surname as a claim to Highland Scottish heritage, although there is little evidence of such in his family background. He was a practising vegetarian, or (according to some accounts) 純素主義, an outspoken anti-vivisectionist, and a non-smoker. It is known that his main interests were magic and the theory of war, his first book being a translation of a French military manual.[2] He became more and more of an eccentric towards his later years, as was noted by 威廉·巴特勒·葉慈.[3]

共濟會

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Mathers was introduced to 共濟會 by a neighbour, 鍊金術 Frederick Holland, and was initiated into Hengist Lodge No.195 on 4 October 1877. He was raised as a Master Mason on 30 January 1878. In 1882 he was admitted to the Metropolitan College of the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia as well as a number of fringe Masonic degrees. Working hard both for and in the SRIA he was awarded an honorary 8th Degree in 1886, and in the same year he lectured on the Kabbalah to the Theosophical Society. He became Celebrant of Metropolitan College in 1891 and was appointed as Junior Substitute Magus of the SRIA in 1892, in which capacity he served until 1900. He left the order in 1903, having failed to repay money which he had borrowed.[4]

Upon the death of William Robert Woodman in 1891, Mathers assumed leadership of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. He moved with his wife to Paris on 21 May 1892.[3] After his expulsion from the Golden Dawn in April 1900, Mathers formed a group in Paris in 1903 called Alpha et Omega (its headquarters, the Ahathoor Temple).[5] Mathers choosing the title "Archon Basileus".[6]

翻譯

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Mathers was a polyglot; among the languages he had studied were English, French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Gaelic and Coptic, though he had a greater command of some languages than of others. His translations of such books as The Book of Abramelin (14thC.), Christian Knorr von Rosenroth's The Kabbalah Unveiled (1684), Key of Solomon (anonymous 14thC.), The Lesser Key of Solomon (anonymous 17thC.), and the Grimoire of Armadel (17thC.), while probably justly criticised with respect to quality, were responsible for making what had been obscure and inaccessible material widely available to the non-academic English speaking world. They have had considerable influence on the development of occult and esoteric thought since their publication, as has his consolidation of the Enochian magical system of 約翰·迪伊 and Edward Kelley.

批評

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In addition to many supporters, he had many enemies and critics. One of his most notable enemies was one-time friend and pupil 阿萊斯特·克勞利, who portrayed Mathers as a villain named SRMD in his 1917 novel Moonchild. According to Crowley's memoirs, The Confessions of Aleister Crowley, Mathers was in the habit of ostensibly playing chess matches against various pagan gods. Mathers would set up the chessboard and seat himself behind the white pieces, with an empty chair opposite him. After making a move for himself, Mathers would then shade his eyes and peer towards the empty chair, waiting for his opponent to signal a move. Mathers would then move a black piece accordingly, then make his next move as white, and so forth. Crowley did not record who won.

Earlier, Crowley wrote in his Confessions that: "As far as I was concerned, Mathers was my only link with the Secret Chiefs to whom I was pledged. I wrote to him offering to place myself and my fortune unreservedly at his disposal; if that meant giving up the Abra-Melin Operation for the present, all right."[7]

死亡

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馬瑟斯在1918年11月5日或20日亡於巴黎，死因不詳。迪安·福圖（英语：Violet Firth）認為他的死因可能是1918年西班牙流感。雖然這似乎很有可能，但很少有關於馬瑟斯私生活的資料，因此很難證實。

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ Nevill Drury, The Dictionary of the Esoteric, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2004, p. 208.
  2. ^ S. L. MacGregor Mathers, Practical Instruction in Infantry Campaigning Exercise, Translated from the French ( London: City of London Publishing Co., 1884); cited in Christopher McIntosh, The Rosicrucians: The History, Mythology and Rituals of an Occult Order, page 111 (second revised edition, Crucible, 1987). ISBN 978-1852740252
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 William Butler Yeats, The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats, Volume III: Autobiographies, pages 452–453 (edited by William O'Donnell and Douglas N. Archibald, New York: Scribner, 1999 edition). ISBN 0-684-80728-9
  4. ^ History of the SRIA, T M Greenshill, MBE, published 2003
  5. ^ "Samuel Liddel MacGregor-Mathers", accessed 17 February 2007.
  6. ^ John Michael Greer, The Element Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Hidden History, page 28 (HarperElement, 2006). ISBN 978-0-00-722068-7
  7. ^ Crowley, Aleister. The Confessions of Aleister Crowley. : 194. 

外部鏈接

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著作

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Category:黃金黎明協會 Category:英格蘭共濟會會員

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