叠氮化钾

叠氮化钾
	IUPAC名; Potassium azide
识别
CAS号	20762-60-1
PubChem	10290740
SMILES	[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[K+];
InChI	InChI=1S/K.N3/c;1-3-2/q+1;-1;
InChIKey	TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
性质
化学式	KN3
摩尔质量	81.1184 g·mol⁻¹
外观	无色结晶
密度	2.04 g/cm3
熔点	350 °C (在真空)
沸点	分解
溶解性（水）	50.8 g/100g
结构
晶体结构	四方晶系
空间群	I4/mcm (No. 140)
晶格常数	a = 6.1129 Å, c = 7.0943 Å
危险性
主要危害	有毒，加热时易爆炸
NFPA 704	3 3 3
相关物质
其他阳离子	叠氮化锂、叠氮化钠、叠氮化铷、叠氮化铯, 叠氮化铅
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

叠氮化钾是一种无机化合物，由钾和氮构成，属于叠氮酸盐。

制备

叠氮化钾可以由叠氮酸和氢氧化钾^[4]或碳酸钾^[5]反应而成：

{\ce {HN3 + KOH -> KN3 + H2O}}

{\ce {K2CO3 + 2HN3 -> 2KN3 + CO2 ^ + H2O}}

性质

物理性质

叠氮化锂的晶格^[6]。叠氮化钾和叠氮化锂一样是四方晶系^[7] 。

和叠氮化锂、叠氮化钠类似，叠氮化钾是四方晶系的晶体。^[7]

在高压下，叠氮化钾会改变晶体结构，形成含有N2−
6 六元环的物种。这种结构由叠氮化钾在45 GPa下加热而成，在20 GPa下稳定。^[8]

化学性质

在加热或紫外线照射时，它会分解成氮气和金属钾。^[9]^[10]

不同于重金属叠氮化物，它对机械冲击并不不敏感，但遇热可能会迅速爆炸。^[11]

用途

叠氮化钾可以当作硝化抑制剂在土壤中使用。^[12]它的热分解也可以用来生产纯的金属钾。^[13]

危害

和其它叠氮化物一样，叠氮化钾是剧毒。它的叠氮根离子可以抑制细胞色素c氧化酶。^[14]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Dale L. Perry; Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 301. ISBN 0849386713.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Addison, C. C. Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements.. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1974: 54. ISBN 0-85186-762-6. OCLC 843641423.
^ Müller, Ulrich. Verfeinerung der Kristallstrukturen von KN3, RbN3, CsN3 und TIN3. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (Wiley). 1972, 392 (2): 159–166. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19723920207 （德语）.
^ Booth, Harold Simmons. Inorganic syntheses. Volume 1. New York. 1939: 79. ISBN 978-0-470-13264-7. OCLC 86223179.
^ hrsg. von Georg Brauer. Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler. Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie / 1.. Stuttgart: Enke. 1975: 458. ISBN 3-432-02328-6. OCLC 310719485 （德语）.
^ Pringle, G. E.; Noakes, D. E. The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides. Acta Cryst. February 1968,. B24 (2): 262–269. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002062.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Khilji, M. Y.; Sherman, W. F.; Wilkinson, G. R. Variable temperature and pressure Raman spectra of potassium azide KN3. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (Wiley-Blackwell). 1982, 12 (3): 300–303. ISSN 0377-0486. doi:10.1002/jrs.1250120319.
^ Wang, Yu; Bykov, Maxim; Chepkasov, Ilya; Samtsevich, Artem; Bykova, Elena; Zhang, Xiao; Jiang, Shu-qing; Greenberg, Eran; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Oganov, Artem R.; Goncharov, Alexander F. Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure. Nature Chemistry. 21 April 2022. PMID 35449217. S2CID 226222305. arXiv:2010.15995  . doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0.
^ Tompkins, F. C.; Young, D. A. The Photochemical and Thermal Formation of Colour Centres in Potassium Azide Crystals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1982, 236 (1204): 10–23.
^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. McGraw-Hill Professional. 2003: 734. ISBN 0070494398.
^ Pradyot Patnaik. A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances 3rd. Wiley-Interscience. 2007: 615. ISBN 0471714585.
^ T. D. Hughes; L. F. Welch. Potassium Azide as a Nitrification Inhibitor. Agronomy Journal (American Society of Agronomy). 1970, 62: 595–599.
^ 宫川诚之助. 化学大辞典编集委员会(编) , 编. 化学大辞典 1 缩刷版第26版. 共立. 1981-10: 60页.
^ Jobelius, Horst H.; Scharff, Hans-Dieter, Hydrazoic Acid and Azides, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2000-06-15, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_193

[perry_phillips-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Dale L. Perry; Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 301. ISBN 0849386713.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Addison, C. C. Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements.. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1974: 54. ISBN 0-85186-762-6. OCLC 843641423.

[3] Müller, Ulrich. Verfeinerung der Kristallstrukturen von KN3, RbN3, CsN3 und TIN3. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (Wiley). 1972, 392 (2): 159–166. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19723920207 （德语）.

[Inorganic_Syntheses,_Inc.-4] Booth, Harold Simmons. Inorganic syntheses. Volume 1. New York. 1939: 79. ISBN 978-0-470-13264-7. OCLC 86223179.

[5] rsg. von Georg Brauer. Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler. Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie / 1.. Stuttgart: Enke. 1975: 458. ISBN 3-432-02328-6. OCLC 310719485 （德语）.

[6] Pringle, G. E.; Noakes, D. E. The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides. Acta Cryst. February 1968,. B24 (2): 262–269. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002062.

[Khilji_Sherman_Wilkinson_1982_pp._300–303-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Khilji, M. Y.; Sherman, W. F.; Wilkinson, G. R. Variable temperature and pressure Raman spectra of potassium azide KN3. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (Wiley-Blackwell). 1982, 12 (3): 300–303. ISSN 0377-0486. doi:10.1002/jrs.1250120319.

[8] Wang, Yu; Bykov, Maxim; Chepkasov, Ilya; Samtsevich, Artem; Bykova, Elena; Zhang, Xiao; Jiang, Shu-qing; Greenberg, Eran; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Oganov, Artem R.; Goncharov, Alexander F. Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure. Nature Chemistry. 21 April 2022. PMID 35449217. S2CID 226222305. arXiv:2010.15995  . doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0.

[9] Tompkins, F. C.; Young, D. A. The Photochemical and Thermal Formation of Colour Centres in Potassium Azide Crystals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1982, 236 (1204): 10–23.

[10] Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. McGraw-Hill Professional. 2003: 734. ISBN 0070494398.

[11] Pradyot Patnaik. A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances 3rd. Wiley-Interscience. 2007: 615. ISBN 0471714585.

[12] T. D. Hughes; L. F. Welch. Potassium Azide as a Nitrification Inhibitor. Agronomy Journal (American Society of Agronomy). 1970, 62: 595–599.

[13] 宫川诚之助. 化学大辞典编集委员会(编) , 编. 化学大辞典 1 缩刷版第26版. 共立. 1981-10: 60页.

[14] Jobelius, Horst H.; Scharff, Hans-Dieter, Hydrazoic Acid and Azides, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2000-06-15, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_193

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