奥尔德姆(英语:Oldham)是英国的一座城镇,位于英格兰大曼彻斯特地区[1]。奥尔德姆和附近的数座都市共同组建奥尔德姆都市自治市,奥尔德姆则是自治市的行政中心都市。在历史上奥尔德姆属兰开夏郡。奥尔德姆曾是国际纺织业中心,也是一座在工业革命期间兴起的都市,在19世纪开始快速发展。奥尔德姆是首个工业化都市,并迅速发展为英格兰最重要的棉织业中心都市之一[2]

Oldham

奥尔德姆市中心的风景
面积6.9平方英里(18平方千米)
人口103,544(2011年普查)
• 人口密度5,785/sq mi(2,234/km2
OS 格网参考SD922053
• 伦敦164 mi(264 km) SSE
都会自治市
都市郡
大区
国家英格兰
主权国家英国
邮镇OLDHAM
邮区OL1-OL2, OL4, OL8-OL9
电话区号0161
英国国会选区

今日的奥尔德姆是一座以住宅为主的都市,仍然保留有很多与棉织业有关的建筑物。戏剧文化颇为发达,市内有众多文化场所。教堂是颇为著名的古迹。每年举行有狂欢节。

奥尔德姆在2001年发生大规模暴动,白人和亚裔社区之间发生了严重的暴力事件,这也促进了奥尔德姆实施大规模的再生计划。

参考资料 编辑

注释 编辑

  1. ^ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, Places names - O to R, [9 July 2007], (原始内容存档于2010年9月6日) 
  2. ^ Oldham County Borough Council, Official Handbook of Oldham, 1973 

参考书籍 编辑

  • Bygone Oldham, True North Publishing, 1996, ISBN 1-900463-25-3 
  • Ballard, Elsie, A Chronicle of Crompton 2nd, Royton: Burnage Press Limited, 1986 [1967], ISBN 5-00-096678-3 
  • Bateson, Hartley, A Centenary History of Oldham, Oldham County Borough Council, 1949, ISBN 5-00-095162-X 
  • Brownbill, John; Farrer, William, A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, Victoria County History, 1911, ISBN 978-0-7129-1055-2 
  • Butterworth, Edwin, Historical Sketches of Oldham, E.J. Morten, 1981, ISBN 978-0-85972-048-9 
  • Carter, James, Oldham Colosseum Theatre - The first hundred years, Oldham Leisure Services, 1986, ISBN 0-902809-15-6 
  • Daly, J.D, Oldham From the XX Legion to the 20th Century, ISBN 5-00-091284-5 
  • Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928, Routledge, 23 November 2000, ISBN 978-0-415-23926-4 
  • Drummond, Christine, Oldham Celebrates; Events in Oldham's History, Oldham Arts and Heritage, 2005, ISBN 0-902809-58-X 
  • Eastham, Reginald H., Platts; Textile Machinery Makers, R.H Eastham, 1994 
  • Fanning, Gerry, British Mining No. 68 - Oldham Coal, Keighley: Northern Mine Research Society, 2001, ISBN 0-901450-54-5 
  • Foster, John, Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution - Early industrial capitalism in three English towns, Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1974, ISBN 978-0-297-76681-0 
  • Frangopulo, N.J., Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County, EP Publishing, Wakefield, 1977, ISBN 0-7158-1203-3 
  • Gibb, Robert, Greater Manchester: A panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns, Myriad, 2005, ISBN 1-904736-86-6 
  • Gurr, Duncan; Hunt, Julian, The Cotton Mills of Oldham, Oldham Education & Leisure, 1998, ISBN 0-902809-46-6 
  • Kidd, Leonard, Oldham's natural history, Oldham Libraries, Art Galleries and Museums, 1977 
  • Llewellin, Mark, They Started Here!: The Story of Oldham Coliseum Theatre, P & D Riley Publishers, 2000, ISBN 978-1-874712-47-3 
  • Marlow, Joyce, The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, 1969, ISBN 0-85391-122-3 
  • McNeil, R.; Nevell, M., A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, 2000, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7 
  • McPhillips, K., Oldham: The Formative Years, Neil Richardson, 1977, ISBN 1-85216-119-1 
  • Millett, Freda, Images of England; Oldham, Nonsuch, 1996, ISBN 1-84588-164-8 
  • Nadin, Jack, The Oldham Coalfield, Tempus Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7524-2945-0 
  • Oldham County Borough Council, Official Handbook of Oldham, 1973 
  • Sellers, Gladys, Walking the South Pennines, Cicerone Press, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85284-041-9 

外部链接 编辑