奥尔德姆
奥尔德姆（英语：Oldham）是英国的一座城镇，位于英格兰的大曼彻斯特地区[1]。奥尔德姆和附近的数座都市共同组建奥尔德姆都市自治市，奥尔德姆则是自治市的行政中心都市。在历史上奥尔德姆属兰开夏郡。奥尔德姆曾是国际纺织业中心，也是一座在工业革命期间兴起的都市，在19世纪开始快速发展。奥尔德姆是首个工业化都市，并迅速发展为英格兰最重要的棉织业中心都市之一[2]。
| 奥尔德姆 Oldham | |
|---|---|
 奥尔德姆市中心的风景 | |
| 面积 | 6.9平方英里（18平方千米） |
| 人口 | 103,544（2011年普查） |
| • 人口密度 | 5,785/sq mi（2,234/km2） |
| OS 格网参考 | SD922053 |
| • 伦敦 | 164 mi（264 km） SSE |
| 都会自治市 | |
| 都市郡 | |
| 大区 | |
| 国家 | 英格兰 |
| 主权国家 | 英国 |
| 邮镇 | OLDHAM |
| 邮区 | OL1-OL2, OL4, OL8-OL9 |
| 电话区号 | 0161 |
| 英国国会选区 | |
今日的奥尔德姆是一座以住宅为主的都市，仍然保留有很多与棉织业有关的建筑物。戏剧文化颇为发达，市内有众多文化场所。教堂是颇为著名的古迹。每年举行有狂欢节。
奥尔德姆在2001年发生大规模暴动，白人和亚裔社区之间发生了严重的暴力事件，这也促进了奥尔德姆实施大规模的再生计划。
参考资料
编辑注释
编辑- ^ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, Places names - O to R, [9 July 2007], （原始内容存档于2010年9月6日）
- ^ Oldham County Borough Council, Official Handbook of Oldham, 1973
参考书籍
编辑- Bygone Oldham, True North Publishing, 1996, ISBN 1-900463-25-3
- Ballard, Elsie, A Chronicle of Crompton 2nd, Royton: Burnage Press Limited, 1986 [1967], ISBN 5-00-096678-3
- Bateson, Hartley, A Centenary History of Oldham, Oldham County Borough Council, 1949, ISBN 5-00-095162-X
- Brownbill, John; Farrer, William, A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, Victoria County History, 1911, ISBN 978-0-7129-1055-2
- Butterworth, Edwin, Historical Sketches of Oldham, E.J. Morten, 1981, ISBN 978-0-85972-048-9
- Carter, James, Oldham Colosseum Theatre - The first hundred years, Oldham Leisure Services, 1986, ISBN 0-902809-15-6
- Daly, J.D, Oldham From the XX Legion to the 20th Century, ISBN 5-00-091284-5
- Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928, Routledge, 23 November 2000, ISBN 978-0-415-23926-4
- Drummond, Christine, Oldham Celebrates; Events in Oldham's History, Oldham Arts and Heritage, 2005, ISBN 0-902809-58-X
- Eastham, Reginald H., Platts; Textile Machinery Makers, R.H Eastham, 1994
- Fanning, Gerry, British Mining No. 68 - Oldham Coal, Keighley: Northern Mine Research Society, 2001, ISBN 0-901450-54-5
- Foster, John, Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution - Early industrial capitalism in three English towns, Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1974, ISBN 978-0-297-76681-0
- Frangopulo, N.J., Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County, EP Publishing, Wakefield, 1977, ISBN 0-7158-1203-3
- Gibb, Robert, Greater Manchester: A panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns, Myriad, 2005, ISBN 1-904736-86-6
- Gurr, Duncan; Hunt, Julian, The Cotton Mills of Oldham, Oldham Education & Leisure, 1998, ISBN 0-902809-46-6
- Kidd, Leonard, Oldham's natural history, Oldham Libraries, Art Galleries and Museums, 1977
- Llewellin, Mark, They Started Here!: The Story of Oldham Coliseum Theatre, P & D Riley Publishers, 2000, ISBN 978-1-874712-47-3
- Marlow, Joyce, The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, 1969, ISBN 0-85391-122-3
- McNeil, R.; Nevell, M., A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, 2000, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
- McPhillips, K., Oldham: The Formative Years, Neil Richardson, 1977, ISBN 1-85216-119-1
- Millett, Freda, Images of England; Oldham, Nonsuch, 1996, ISBN 1-84588-164-8
- Nadin, Jack, The Oldham Coalfield, Tempus Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7524-2945-0
- Oldham County Borough Council, Official Handbook of Oldham, 1973
- Sellers, Gladys, Walking the South Pennines, Cicerone Press, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85284-041-9
外部链接
编辑
- www.oldham.gov.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Website of Oldham Council.
- www.genuki.org.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, GENUKI entry for Oldham, including genealogical data and historic descriptions.
- www.oldhamadvertiser.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Website for one of Oldham's weekly newspapers, the Oldham Advertiser.
- www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Website for Oldham's daily newspaper, the Oldham Evening Chronicle.
- www.coliseum.org.uk/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Official website of Oldham Coliseum Theatre.
- www.oldhamcarnival.org.uk, Official website for the planning and reporting of the annual Oldham Carnival.