扁雕蜗牛亚科
扁雕蜗牛亚科（学名：Helminthoglyptinae）[3]是一个会呼吸空气的陆栖肺螺类腹足纲软体动物，在2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》原为弯尿道类非正式群组之下的扁雕蜗牛科（学名：Helminthoglyptidae）[4]，在2017年的《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》被降格成为柄眼目旋蜗牛亚目旋蜗牛下目古巴蜗牛科的一个亚科[2][3]。
扁雕蜗牛亚科
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| Sonorella allynsmithi | |
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| Three views of a 螺壳 of Helminthoglypta tudiculata taken from W. G. Binney, 1878[1] | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 柄眼目 Stylommatophora |
| 下目： | 旋蜗牛下目 Helicoidei |
| 总科： | 旋蜗牛总科 Helicoidea |
| 科： | 古巴蜗牛科 Xanthonychidae |
| 亚科： | 扁雕蜗牛亚科 Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939 |
| 异名[2] | |
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Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939 | |
这一个来自新世界的蜗牛的亚科，其物种分布北起北美洲美国的阿拉斯加州，往下包括西印度群岛及中美洲，最远至南美洲的阿根廷。不过随着人为有意或无意的携带，包括部分物种被当作特色宠物来饲养，本亚科物种亦有见于世界其他地域。
这些物种的螺壳体型一般属中型至大型，壳口无壳齿，但usually with a reflected apertural lip.
解剖学 编辑
In the species in this family, the diverticulum may be present or absent. 作为柄眼目成员，本亚科物在交配时亦有使用恋矢：这些物种只有一个发射器（dart apparatus），连接往一个矢囊（dart sac）及两个黏液腺体（mucus glands）。
本亚科物种的染色体倍性为26至30 (according to the values in this table).[5]
分类 编辑
分类学 编辑
The basic nomenclature and taxonomy of this large and complex subfamily of land snails has been the subject of many modifications, and the list of genera given here is applicable only when the subfamily is broadly interpreted. Many of these snail genera have been placed by various authors in more restrictively defined families, such as: Cepolidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae, and Xanthonychidae.[6][7][8][9]
Tribes in the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae include (according to the 布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年)):
- tribe Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
- subtribe Helminthoglyptina Pilsbry, 1939: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the vagina or to the sheath of the dart apparatus; the ducts of the glands are provided with bulbous reservoirs.[来源请求]
- subtribe Micrariontina Schileyko, 1991: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the dart sac; in part the dart apparatus is missing.
- tribe Sonorelicini Roth, 1996
Subfamily Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939: the diverticulum and the dart apparatus are absent.
属 编辑
根据ITIS，原扁雕蜗牛科包括下列16个属[10][11][12]；WoRMS再加上Greggelix和Micrarionta这两个属，然后再把整个亚科分为两个族[13]。这两个族对应原来在Bouchet (2005)的两个亚科。综合上述各文献如下：
- Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
- Cahuillus B. Roth, 1996
- Chamaearionta S.S. Berry, 1930
- Eremarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Eremariontoides W.B. Miller, 1981
- Greggelix W.B. Miller, 1972[13]
- 扁雕蜗牛属 Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887 - type genus of the family Helminthoglyptidae and subtribe Helminthoglyptina[4]
- Herpeteros Berry, 1947
- Micrarionta Ancey, 1880 - type genus of the subtribe Micrariontina[4]
- Martirelix W.B. Miller, 1982[13]
- Noyo Roth, 1996
- Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939
- Rothelix Miller, 1985
- Sonorelix Berry, 1943 - was listed as type genus of the tribe Sonorelicini[4]
- Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Sonorellini Pilsbry, 1939
- Maricopella Roth, 1996
- Mohavelix Berry, 1943
- Myotophallus Pilsbry, 1939
- Sonorella Pilsbry, 1900 - was listed as type genus of the subfamily Sonorellinae[4] (now Sonorellini)
有部分文献还包括下列各属：
- Averellia Ancey, 1887[来源请求]
- Cepolis Montfort, 1810[来源请求]：今属Cepolidae
- Dialeuca Albers, 1850[来源请求]
- Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840[来源请求]
- Humboldtiana Ihering, 1892[来源请求]
- Leptarionta Fischer & Crosse, 1872[来源请求]
- 彩条蜗牛属 Polymita Beck, 1837[来源请求]：今属Cepolidae
- Setipellis Pilsbry, 1926[来源请求]
- Tryonigens Pilsbry, 1927[来源请求]
- 古巴蜗牛属 Xanthonyx Crosse & Fischer, 1867[来源请求]：今属古巴蜗牛科。
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Binney, William G. (1878). The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of North America. Vol. 5 (plates). Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool., Harvard. Plate 16.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, Philippe; Bank, Ruud. Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939. WoRMS. 2018-02-10 [2021-05-10].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
- ^ Burch, John B. (1962). How to know the Eastern Land Snails. Wm. C. Brown Co.: Dubuque IA, 214 pp.
- ^ Hubricht, Leslie. (1985). The distribution of the native land molluscs of the eastern United States. Fieldiana Zool. 24: 1-191.
- ^ Pilsbry, Henry A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol. 1(1): 1-573.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdes, A.; Warén, A. (2005). Classification and nomenclature of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2).
- ^ Helminthoglyptidae. ITIS. [2021-05-10].
- ^ [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Helminthoglyptidae at Discover Life; accessed 17 Apr. 2008.
- ^ [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "BioLib" biological library; accessed 17 Apr. 2008.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 引证错误：没有为名为
WoRMS的参考文献提供内容
