扁雕蝸牛亞科
扁雕蝸牛亞科（學名：Helminthoglyptinae）[3]是一個會呼吸空氣的陸棲肺螺類腹足綱軟體動物，在2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》原為彎尿道類非正式群組之下的扁雕蝸牛科（學名：Helminthoglyptidae）[4]，在2017年的《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》被降格成為柄眼目旋蝸牛亞目旋蝸牛下目古巴蝸牛科的一個亞科[2][3]。
扁雕蝸牛亞科
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| Sonorella allynsmithi | |
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| Three views of a 螺殼 of Helminthoglypta tudiculata taken from W. G. Binney, 1878[1] | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 柄眼目 Stylommatophora |
| 下目： | 旋蝸牛下目 Helicoidei |
| 總科： | 旋蝸牛總科 Helicoidea |
| 科： | 古巴蝸牛科 Xanthonychidae |
| 亞科： | 扁雕蝸牛亞科 Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939 |
| 異名[2] | |
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Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939 | |
這一個來自新世界的蝸牛的亞科，其物種分佈北起北美洲美國的阿拉斯加州，往下包括西印度群島及中美洲，最遠至南美洲的阿根廷。不過隨著人為有意或無意的攜帶，包括部分物種被當作特色寵物來飼養，本亞科物種亦有見於世界其他地域。
這些物種的螺殼體型一般屬中型至大型，殼口無殼齒，但usually with a reflected apertural lip.
解剖學 編輯
In the species in this family, the diverticulum may be present or absent. 作為柄眼目成員，本亞科物在交配時亦有使用戀矢：這些物種只有一個發射器（dart apparatus），連接往一個矢囊（dart sac）及兩個黏液腺體（mucus glands）。
本亞科物種的染色體倍性為26至30 (according to the values in this table).[5]
分類 編輯
分類學 編輯
The basic nomenclature and taxonomy of this large and complex subfamily of land snails has been the subject of many modifications, and the list of genera given here is applicable only when the subfamily is broadly interpreted. Many of these snail genera have been placed by various authors in more restrictively defined families, such as: Cepolidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae, and Xanthonychidae.[6][7][8][9]
Tribes in the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae include (according to the 布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)):
- tribe Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
- subtribe Helminthoglyptina Pilsbry, 1939: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the vagina or to the sheath of the dart apparatus; the ducts of the glands are provided with bulbous reservoirs.[來源請求]
- subtribe Micrariontina Schileyko, 1991: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the dart sac; in part the dart apparatus is missing.
- tribe Sonorelicini Roth, 1996
Subfamily Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939: the diverticulum and the dart apparatus are absent.
屬 編輯
根據ITIS，原扁雕蝸牛科包括下列16個屬[10][11][12]；WoRMS再加上Greggelix和Micrarionta這兩個屬，然後再把整個亞科分為兩個族[13]。這兩個族對應原來在Bouchet (2005)的兩個亞科。綜合上述各文獻如下：
- Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
- Cahuillus B. Roth, 1996
- Chamaearionta S.S. Berry, 1930
- Eremarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Eremariontoides W.B. Miller, 1981
- Greggelix W.B. Miller, 1972[13]
- 扁雕蝸牛屬 Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887 - type genus of the family Helminthoglyptidae and subtribe Helminthoglyptina[4]
- Herpeteros Berry, 1947
- Micrarionta Ancey, 1880 - type genus of the subtribe Micrariontina[4]
- Martirelix W.B. Miller, 1982[13]
- Noyo Roth, 1996
- Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939
- Rothelix Miller, 1985
- Sonorelix Berry, 1943 - was listed as type genus of the tribe Sonorelicini[4]
- Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Sonorellini Pilsbry, 1939
- Maricopella Roth, 1996
- Mohavelix Berry, 1943
- Myotophallus Pilsbry, 1939
- Sonorella Pilsbry, 1900 - was listed as type genus of the subfamily Sonorellinae[4] (now Sonorellini)
有部分文獻還包括下列各屬：
- Averellia Ancey, 1887[來源請求]
- Cepolis Montfort, 1810[來源請求]：今屬Cepolidae
- Dialeuca Albers, 1850[來源請求]
- Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840[來源請求]
- Humboldtiana Ihering, 1892[來源請求]
- Leptarionta Fischer & Crosse, 1872[來源請求]
- 彩條蝸牛屬 Polymita Beck, 1837[來源請求]：今屬Cepolidae
- Setipellis Pilsbry, 1926[來源請求]
- Tryonigens Pilsbry, 1927[來源請求]
- 古巴蝸牛屬 Xanthonyx Crosse & Fischer, 1867[來源請求]：今屬古巴蝸牛科。
參考文獻 編輯
- ^ Binney, William G. (1878). The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of North America. Vol. 5 (plates). Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool., Harvard. Plate 16.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, Philippe; Bank, Ruud. Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939. WoRMS. 2018-02-10 [2021-05-10].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
- ^ Burch, John B. (1962). How to know the Eastern Land Snails. Wm. C. Brown Co.: Dubuque IA, 214 pp.
- ^ Hubricht, Leslie. (1985). The distribution of the native land molluscs of the eastern United States. Fieldiana Zool. 24: 1-191.
- ^ Pilsbry, Henry A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol. 1(1): 1-573.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdes, A.; Warén, A. (2005). Classification and nomenclature of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2).
- ^ Helminthoglyptidae. ITIS. [2021-05-10].
- ^ [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Helminthoglyptidae at Discover Life; accessed 17 Apr. 2008.
- ^ [2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） "BioLib" biological library; accessed 17 Apr. 2008.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
WoRMS的參考文獻提供內容
