猎户座流星雨
猎户座流星雨是发生在10月至11月初的流星雨,高峰期出现在10月21至22日,每小时约可以观测到60颗来自猎户座靠近双子座边缘辐射点的流星。[5][6]不同于其他的流星雨,猎户座流星雨在极大期的10月21至22日前后几天都能够见到,且来自辐射点的流星每小时大约仍有5至10颗。
猎户座流星雨 Orionids(ORI) | |
---|---|
发现日期 | 1839年10月[1] |
母体 | 哈雷彗星[2] |
辐射点 | |
星座 | 猎户座(靠近 参宿四) |
赤经 | 06h 24m[2] |
赤纬 | +15°[2] |
性质 | |
出现时期 | 10月16日至27日[2] |
峰值日期 | 10月21日[2] |
速度 | 66.9[3] km/s |
每小时天顶流星数 | 一般20–25[4] |
历史
编辑在19世纪,流星雨首次被指定为“流星”(shooting stars),并和彗星有关。[7]E·C·赫里克在1839年和1840年对10月夜空中流星的活动进行了观察。A·赫歇尔制作了第一个关于流星的记录,并对下一次流星雨做出了准确的预报。[8] 猎户座流星雨由哈雷彗星产生;该彗星以天文学家爱德蒙·哈雷命名,上次经过内太阳系是在1986年,运转周期大约为75-76年。[9]当彗星通过太阳系时,太阳升华了其中一些凝固的物质,让岩石颗粒从彗星中脱离出来。这些颗粒继续留在彗星的轨迹上,当穿过地球的大气层时,它们就以流星的形式出现。[7][10]与哈雷彗星有关的另一个流星雨是五月初的宝瓶座η流星雨。[10]
年份 | 活动日期范围 | 高峰日期 | 天顶每时出现率 |
---|---|---|---|
1839 | October 8–15[8] | ||
1864 | October 18–20[8] | ||
1981 | October 18–21[8] | October 23 | 20 |
1984 | October 21–24[8] | October 21–24 | (flat maximum) |
2006 | October 2 — November 7[8][11] | October 21–24[11][12] | 23 with peaks at 67 |
2007 | October 20–24[13] | October 21 (predicted)[13] | 70[14] |
2008 | October 15–29[10] | October 20–22 (predicted)[10] | 39 |
2009 | October 18–25 [8] | October 22[15][16][17] | 45[15] |
2010 | October 23 | 38 | |
2011 | October 22 | 33 | |
2012 | October 2 — November 7 | October 20 and October 23 | 43[18] |
2013 | October 22 | ~30[19] | |
2014 | October 2 — November 7 | October 21 | 20?[20] |
2015 | October 2 — November 7 | October 20–21[21] | N/A |
2016 | October 2 — November 7 | October 21[22] | ~10–20 |
* 这些流星可能会有双次高峰期,同样的和高原,并持续平面最大值长达数天。[8]
流星雨和位置
编辑猎户座流星雨的辐射点位于猎户座和双子座之间(中纬度观察,黎明前在东南方的天空)[23][24]。在2009年,来自英国的电报宣告流星雨做活跃的时间是10月21日凌晨,美国东方标准时间早上6点,或英国的11点[25]。《今日宇宙》报导,流星雨在21日早晨达到巅峰之际的速度是每小时140,000英里(230,000千米),但与往年历次的流星雨相比,2009年的流星雨轨迹显得更加狭窄,没有分支[26]。在美国阿拉巴马州的太空飞行中心观测到少量与哈雷彗星相关的流星,从辐射点像四面八方辐射而出的光迹[27]。
图片集
编辑参见
编辑参考
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- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin, Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy 2nd, Cambridge University Press: 275, 2011 [2017-10-20], ISBN 0-521-89935-4, (原始内容存档于2020-04-24).
- ^ Kero, J.; et al, First results from the 2009–2010 MU radar head echo observation programme for sporadic and shower meteors: the Orionids 2009, 皇家天文学会月报, October 2011, 416 (4): 2550–2559, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.416.2550K, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19146.x.
- ^ Rendtel, Jürgen, The Orionid meteor shower observed over 70 years, Trigo-Rodríguez, J. M.; Rietmeijer, F. J. M.; Llorca, Jordi; Janches, Diego (编), Advances in Meteoroid and Meteor Science, Springer: 106–109, 2008 [2017-10-20], ISBN 0387784187, (原始内容存档于2019-06-14).
- ^ IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2009. The International Meteor Organization. 1997–2009 [2009-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-09).
- ^ Orionids Meteor Shower Lights Up the Sky. PhysOrg.com. 2003–2009 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-11-15).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Jaggard, Victoria. Orionids Meteor Shower Starts This Weekend. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. 1996–2009 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-18).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Orionid. Observing the Orionids. Meteor Showers Online. [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-17).
- ^ Phillips, Dr. Tony. NASA – The 2009 Orionid Meteor Shower. NASA. 2009-10-19 [2009-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2009-10-22).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Orionids Meteor Shower 2008 of October. Meteor. October 15, 2008 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-28).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 October to December 2006. The International Meteor Organization –. 1997–2007 [2009-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-02).
- ^ Stone, Wes. 2006 Orionid Meteor Shower Surprise! (PDF). Sky tour. [2009-10-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-23).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Handwerk, Brian. "Old Faithful" Orionid Meteor Shower Peaks This Weekend. r National Geographic News. October 17, 2009 [2009-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-20).
- ^ Orionids 2007: visual data quicklook. imo.net
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Orionids 2009. imo.net
- ^ Jaggard, Victoria. 2009 Orionid Meteor Shower Peak Begins. National Geographic News. October 20, 2009 [2009-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-30).
- ^ French, John. Abrams Planetarium Night Sky Notes. [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-01).
- ^ Orionids 2012: visual data quicklook. imo.net
- ^ 2013 Orionids Radio results. RMOB. [2014-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-19).
- ^ Meteor Shower Calendar | IMO | Page 2014. IMO. 2014-06-20 [2017-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-04).
- ^ 2017 Orionid Meteor Shower. Timeanddate.com. [2017-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-09).
- ^ Look for Orionid meteors this month | Astronomy Essentials. EarthSky. [2017-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-07).
- ^ Observing the Orionids. Meteor Showers Online. [2009-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-11).
- ^ Okanagan Observatory's Notes. Okanagan Observatory. 2009 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-12).
- ^ Collins, Nick. Meteor shower: Orionids reach peak The Orionid meteor shower, a trail of debris left in space by Halley's Comet, was at its most intense in the early hours of Wednesday.. Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. October 21, 2009 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-12).
- ^ Piotner, Tammy. The Orionid Meteor Shower – What Did You See?. Universe Today. 2009-10-21 [2009-10-21]. (原始内容存档于October 24, 2009).
- ^ SpaceWeather.com – News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids. Meteor Shower Update: The Orionid meteor shower is subsiding. Spaceweather.com. [2009-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-04).