镜眼虫
镜眼虫（学名：Phacops）是生存于晚奥陶纪至晚泥盆纪的一属三叶虫，生活在温暖的浅海中。这类三叶虫有着向前扩展的凸状头鞍，上有结节状饰纹。巨大的眼睛象征其拥有较佳的视力。胸部分为12节，每个体节都有许多面，使其能更容易地卷曲身体以躲避危险。尾部比头部小得多，上有深沟。[1]
镜眼虫属 化石时期：
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|---|---|
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| 蛙形镜眼虫（Phacops rana） | |
| |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | †三叶虫纲 Trilobita |
| 目： | †镜眼虫目 Phacopida |
| 科： | †镜眼虫科 Phacopidae |
| 属： | †镜眼虫属 Phacops Emmrich, 1839 |
| 模式种 | |
| Calymene latifrons Bronn, 1825
| |
| 种 | |
| 异名 | |
| |
物种 编辑
- Phacops accipitrinus (Phillips, 1841)[2]
- Phacops algericus Alberti, 1983
- Phacops breviceps Barrande, 1846
- Phacops chlupaci Alberti, 1983
- Phacops circumspectans Paeckelmann, 1913
- Phacops degener Barrande, 1852
- Phacops fecundus
- Phacops fragosus Struve, 1970[3]
- Phacops granulatus (Munster, 1840) 异名 Calymene granulata, P. posidoniae[4]
- Phacops hoseri Hawle & Corda, 1847
- Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935[5]
- Phacops imitator Struve, 1970[3]
- Phacops kockeli Alberti, 1968
- Phacops latifrons (Bronn, 1825)[3] 异名 Calymene latifrons[6]
- Phacops maurulus
- Phacops modestus Barrande
- Phacops platilegnotor
- Phacops salteri Kozlowski, 1923
- Phacops sartenaeri Struve, 1985[3]
- Phacops sobolevi Kielan, 1954
- Phacops sternbergi
- Phacops turco Richter & Richter
- Phacops wedekindi Richter & Richter, 1926[4]
- Phacops zinkeni F.A. Roemer, 1843
重新分配的物种 编辑
以下的物种现时已被置入其他属。[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
- Phacops acuticeps = Acuticryphops acuticeps
- Phacops arcticus = Acernaspis arctica
- Phacops asper = Ananaspis aspera
- Phacops birdsongensis = Paciphacops birdsongensis
- Phacops boecki = Boeckops boecki
- Phacops braziliensis = Phacopidina braziliensis
- Phacops bronni = Reedops bronni
- Phacops bulliceps = Eophacops bulliceps
- Phacops caecus = Trimerocephalus caecus
- Phacops caffer = Metacryphaeus caffer
- Phacops cambelli = Paciphacops cambelli
- Phacops claviger = Paciphacops claviger
- Phacops caudatus = Dalmanites caudatus
- Phacops constrictus = Acastoides constrictus
- Phacops coronatus = Heliocephalus coronatus
- Phacops cristatus bombifrons = Viaphacops bombifrons
- Phacops cristatus cristatus = Viaphacops cristatus
- Phacops crossleii = Paciphacops crossleii
- Phacops cryptophthalmoides = Trimerocephalus cryptophthalmoides
- Phacops cryptophthalmus = Cryphops cryptophthalmus
- Phacops cultifrons = Eophacops trapeziceps
- Phacops dagincourti = Bouleia dagincourti
- Phacops deshayesi = Zeliszkella deshayesi
- Phacops downingiae var. α. vulgaris = Acaste downingiae
- Phacops downingiae var. β. macrops = Acastocephala macrops
- Phacops downingiae var. γ. inflatus = Acaste inflata
- Phacops ensae = Weyerites ensae
- Phacops fecundus = Ananaspis fecunda
- Phacops fecundus minor = Lochkovella minor
- Phacops ferdinandi = Chotecops ferdinandi
- Phacops glaber = Eophacops glaber
- Phacops glockeri = Phacopidella glockeri
- Phacops grimbergi = Lochkovella grimbergi
- Phacops handwerki = Eophacops handwerki
- Phacops hanusi = Lochkovella hanusi
- Phacops hoeninghausi = Prokops hoeninghausi
- Phacops hudsonicus = Paciphacops hudsonicus
- Phacops incisus = Nephranops incisus
- Phacops khatangensis = Acernaspis khatangensis
- Phacops kayseri = Eocryphops kayseri
- Phacops lacunosus = Trimerocephalus lacunosus
- Phacops latigenalis = Paciphacops latigenalis
- Phacops latilimbatus = Cryphops latilimbatus
- Phacops lentiginosus = Trimerocephalus lentiginosus
- Phacops limbatus = Dianops limbatus
- Phacops logani = Paciphacops logani
- Phacops lopatini = Monorakos lopatini
- Phacops mancus = Eophacops mancus
- Phacops marklandensis = Acernaspis marklandensis
- Phacops mastophthalmus = Trimerocephalus mastophthalmus
- Phacops metacernaspis = generic assignment uncertain
- Phacops michelini = Pseudocryphaeus michelini
- Phacops microps = Kainops microps
- Phacops milleri = Eldredgeops milleri
- Phacops miser = Lochkovella miser
- Phacops musheni = Eophacops musheni
- Phacops nudus = generic assignment uncertain
- Phacops ocellus = Hadrorachus ocellus
- Phacops opitzi = Chotecops opitzi
- Phacops orestes = Acernaspis orestes
- Phacops orientalis = Ananaspis orientalis
- Phacops parabolus = Phillipsinella parabola
- Phacops phillipsi = Kloucekia phillipsi
- Phacops primaevus = Acernaspis primaeva
- Phacops prokopi = Prokops prokopi
- Phacops pulcellus = Acernaspis pulcella
- Phacops quadrilineatus = Acernaspis quadrilineata
- Phacops rana = Eldredgeops rana
- Phacops raymondi = Kainops raymondi
- Phacops schlosseri = Struveops schlosseri
- Phacops serratus = Paciphacops serratus
- Phacops schlotheimi = Geesops schlotheimi
- Phacops socialis = Dalmanitina socialis
- Phacops speculator = Austerops speculator
- Phacops sphaericeps = Dereimsia sphaericeps
- Phacops steinachensis = Trimerocephalus steinachensis
- Phacops stellifer = Greenops (Neometacanthus) stellifer
- Phacops stokesii = generic assignment uncertain
- Phacops straitonensis = Podowrinella straitonensis
- Phacops trapeziceps = Eophacops trapeziceps
- Phacops veles = Kainops veles
- Phacops vodorezovi = Trimerocephalus vodorezovi
- Phacops volborthi = Denckmannites volborthi
- Phacops wocklumeriae = Weyerites wocklumeriae
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 60. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ Global Names Index. Repository "Index to Organism Names". [4 November 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Viersen, van, A.P. De mythe van Phacops latifrons [The Myth of Phacops latifrons]. Grondboor & Hamer. 2004, 3/4: 66–68 [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-06）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Osmolska, H. Famennian Phacopidae from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 1953, 3 (2) [2017-12-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-11-13）.
- ^ Eldredge, N. Systematics and evolution of Phacops rana (Green, 1832) and Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935 (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 1972, 147 (article 2): 45–114 [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Moore, R.C. Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press. 1959: 1–560. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
- ^ Shergold, J.H. A revision of Acaste downingiae (Murchison) and related trilobites (PDF). Palaeontology. 1966, 9 (2): 183–207. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-16）.
- ^ Crônier, C. Systematic relationships of the blind phacopine trilobite Trimerocephalus, with a new species from Causses−et−Veyran, Montagne Noire (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2003, 48 (1): 55–70 [4 November 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-03-13）.
- ^ Acuticeps Kayser, 1889. Global Names Index. [23 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
- ^ Ramskjöld, L.; Werdelin, L. The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites. Cladistics. 1991, 7: 29–74. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x.
- ^ Corbacho, Joan. Trilobites from the Upper Ordovician of Bou Nemrou - El Kaid Errami (Morocco) [Trilobitas del Ordovícico Superior de Bou Nemrou - El Kaid Errami (Marruecos)] (PDF). Batelleria. 2011, 16: 16–31. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-12-20）.
- ^ Hansen, George P. Trilobites of Black Cat Mountain. iUniverse. 2009.
- ^ Andrew McRae. Trilobites in Murchison's "Siluria". [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-19）.
- ^ Crônier, Catherine; Feist, Raimond. Evolution et systématique du groupe Cryphops (Phacopinae, Trilobita) du Dévonien Supérieur [Evolution and systematics of the Cryphops group (Phacopinae, Trilobita) from the Late Devonian]. Senckenbergiana lethaea. 2000, 79 (2): 501–515 [2017-12-02]. doi:10.1007/bf03043651. （原始内容存档于2018-06-15）.
- ^ Schoenemann, Brigitte; Clarkson, Euan N.K. Discovery of some 400 million year-old sensory structures in the compound eyes of trilobites. Scientific Reports. 2013, 3 (1429) [2017-12-02]. PMC 3596982
. PMID 23492459. doi:10.1038/srep01429. （原始内容存档于2021-02-12）.
