银耳属
银耳科真菌的一属
银耳属（学名：Tremella），是银耳科的一属真菌。最近的一项研究将银耳属的物种分为不同的进化分支。只有10种原银耳属物种留在银耳属中，包括模式种金黄银耳 (Tremella mesenterica)，分在银耳分支（Tremella clade）中。在这个进化分支中没有在其生命周期主要为酵母形式的物种。[1]
银耳属
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| 金黄银耳的凝胶状子实体 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
| 纲： | 银耳纲 Tremellomycetes |
| 目： | 银耳目 Tremellales |
| 科： | 银耳科 Tremellaceae |
| 属： | 银耳属 Tremella Pers. |
| 模式种 | |
| 金黄银耳 Tremella mesenterica (Schaeff.) Retz.
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下属物种
编辑根据Catalogue of Life，曾经列入银耳属的物种有：
- Tremella acaciae L.S. Olive
- Tremella anaptychiae J.C. Zamora & Diederich
- Tremella arachispora P. Roberts
- Tremella armeniaca Bandoni & J. Carranza
- Tremella aspera Coker
- 金色银耳 Tremella aurantia Schwein.，黄银耳
- 黄白银耳 Tremella aurantialba Bandoni & M. Zang，金耳
- Tremella aurantiolutea Lowy
- 南方银耳 Tremella australis F. Wu et al.
- 澳洲银耳 Tremella australiensis Lloyd
- Tremella bambusina Sacc.
- Tremella basidiomaticola X.Z. Liu & F.Y. Bai
- Tremella boninensis (Kobayasi) S. Ito & S. Imai
- 波纳银耳 Tremella boraborensis L.S. Olive
- 巴西银耳 Tremella brasiliensis (Möller) Lloyd
- Tremella bryonectriae Döbbeler
- Tremella callunicola P. Roberts
- Tremella caloceraticola Hauerslev
- Tremella caloplacae (Zahlbr.) Diederich
- Tremella candelariellae Diederich & Etayo
- 肉白银耳 Tremella carneoalba Coker
- 茎生银耳 Tremella caulicola Kobayasi
- Tremella celata Pérez-Ort., Millanes, V.J. Rico & J.C. Zamora
- Tremella cephalodiicola Diederich
- 脑形银耳 Tremella cerebriformis Chee J. Chen
- Tremella cetrariellae Millanes, Diederich, M. Westb., Pippola & Wedin
- Tremella cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins
- Tremella cheejenii X.Z. Liu & F.Y. Bai
- Tremella christiansenii Diederich
- 朱砂色银耳 Tremella cinnabarina
- Tremella cladoniae Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- 棒梗银耳 Tremella clavisterigma Lowy
- 合生银耳 Tremella coalescens L.S. Olive
- Tremella coccocarpiae Diederich
- Tremella coffeicola (Berk.) P. Roberts
- Tremella colpomaticola Hauerslev
- Tremella coppinsii Diederich & G. Marson
- Tremella crystallina E.H.L. Krause
- Tremella dactylobasidia J.C. Zamora
- Tremella dendrographae Diederich & Tehler
- Tremella diaporthicola Ginns & M.N.L. Lefebvre
- Tremella diederichiana Pérez-Ort., Millanes, V.J. Rico & J.C. Zamora
- Tremella diploschistina Millanes, M. Westb., Wedin & Diederich
- Tremella dirinariae Diederich, Millanes & Wedin
- Tremella discicola Van de Put
- Tremella dumontii Lowy
- Tremella durissima Lowy
- 痢疾银耳 Tremella dysenterica
- 展生银耳 Tremella effusa Y.B. Peng
- 脑状银耳 Tremella encephala Willd. 1801
- Tremella endosporogena Pérez-Ort., Millanes, V.J. Rico & J.C. Zamora
- Tremella episphaerica Rick
- 砖红色银耳 Tremella erythrina X.Z. Liu & F.Y. Bai
- 扁枝银耳 Tremella everniae Diederich
- Tremella exigua Desm.
- 大锁银耳 Tremella fibulifera Möller[2]
- 火红银耳 Tremella flammea Kobayasi，火红色银耳
- 金黄银耳 Tremella flava Chee J. Chen，黄色银耳
- 茶色银耳 Tremella foliacea Pers. (异名：Tremella fimbriata Pers.)
- 叶状银耳 Tremella frondosa Fr. ，叶银耳
- 银耳 Tremella fuciformis Berk. 1856
- 琥珀银耳 Tremella fuscosuccinea Chee J. Chen
- Tremella giraffa Chee J. Chen
- 球孢银耳 Tremella globispora D.A. Reid
- 广西银耳 Tremella guangxiensis F. Wu et al.
- Tremella grandibasidia L.S. Olive
- Tremella graphidastrae Diederich
- Tremella graphidis Diederich, Millanes, Wedin & Common
- Tremella griseola Malysheva
- Tremella guangxiensis [2]
- Tremella guttiformis (Berk. & Broome) Bandoni
- Tremella haematommatis Diederich
- 海南银耳 Tremella hainanensis Y.B. Peng
- Tremella harrisii Diederich
- Tremella hemifoliacea Lloyd
- Tremella huuskonenii Diederich, Myllys, Goward & H. Lindgr.
- Tremella hymenophaga M. Dueñas
- Tremella hypocenomycis Diederich
- Tremella hypogymniae Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- 角状银耳 Tremella iduensis Kobayasi
- Tremella incrustans Kobayasi
- Tremella indecorata Sommerf.
- 硬银耳 Tremella indurata
- Tremella invasa (Hauerslev) Hauerslev
- Tremella japonica (Lloyd) Lloyd
- Tremella karstenii Hauerslev
- 金耳 Tremella laciniata Bull.，条裂银耳
- 宽孢银耳 Tremella latispora F. Wu et al. [2]
- Tremella laurisilvae Kout
- Tremella leptogii Diederich
- Tremella lethariae Diederich
- Tremella lichenicola Diederich
- Tremella lilacea Bandoni & J. Carranza
- Tremella lloydiae-candidae Wojewoda
- Tremella lobariacearum Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- 长担银耳 Tremella longibasidia Y.B. Peng
- Tremella macrobasidiata J.C. Zamora, Pérez-Ort. & V.J. Rico
- Tremella macroceratis Diederich & Hafellner
- 莽山银耳 Tremella mangensis Y.B. Peng
- Tremella mayorgae Lowy
- Tremella mayrhoferi J.C. Zamora, Millanes, Etayo & Wedin
- 勐仑银耳 Tremella menglunensis Y.B. Peng
- 金耳 Tremella mesenterella Bandoni & Ginns，肠膜状银耳
- 金黄银耳 Tremella mesenterica Retz. (异名：Tremella lutescens Pers.)，黄金银耳
- 小孢银耳 Tremella microcarpa Diederich
- Tremella monospora Diederich
- Tremella montis-wilhelmii Diederich
- 椹形银耳 Tremella moriformis Berk. 1812
- Tremella nashii Diederich
- Tremella neofibulifera Kobayasi
- Tremella nephromatis Diederich
- Tremella nieblae Diederich & van den Boom
- Tremella nigrifacta Bandoni & J. Carranza
- 刺银耳 Tremella nipponica
- Tremella normandinae Diederich
- Tremella obscura (L.S. Olive) M.P. Christ.
- 隐叉银耳 Tremella occultifuroidea Chee J. Chen & Oberw.
- Tremella pallida Overh.
- Tremella papuana Diederich
- Tremella parmeliarum Diederich
- Tremella parmeliellae Diederich & Sérus.
- Tremella penetrans (Hauerslev) Jülich
- Tremella pertusariae Diederich
- Tremella phaeographidis Diederich, Coppins & Bandoni
- Tremella phaeographinae Diederich & Aptroot
- Tremella phaeophysciae Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- Tremella protoparmeliae Diederich & Coppins
- Tremella psoroglaenae Diederich
- Tremella psoromicola Diederich
- 垫状银耳 Tremella pulvinalis Kobayasi
- Tremella pyrenophila Traverso & Migliardi
- Tremella pyrenulae Diederich, Millanes, Wedin & Common
- Tremella ramalinae Diederich
- 珊瑚状银耳 Tremella ramarioides M. Zang
- 扁平银耳 Tremella resupinata Chee J. Chen
- Tremella rhizocarpicola Diederich, Millanes & Wedin
- Tremella rhytidhysterii J.L. Bezerra & Kimbr.
- Tremella rinodinae Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- Tremella riobrancensis Lowy
- Tremella roseolutescens Bandoni & J. Carranza
- 蔷薇色银耳 Tremella roseotincta Lloyd，玫色银耳
- Tremella rubromaculata Lowy
- 棕红银耳 Tremella rufobrunnea L.S. Olive
- Tremella sakanensis Henn.
- Tremella salmonea X.Z. Liu & F.Y. Bai
- 橙银耳 Tremella samoensis Lloyd，萨摩亚银耳
- 血红银耳 Tremella sanguinea Y.B. Peng， 血耳，血银耳
- Tremella santessonii Diederich
- Tremella sarniensis P. Roberts
- Tremella silvae-dravedae Hauerslev
- Tremella spicata Bourdot & Galzin
- Tremella spicifera Van Ryck., Van de Put & P. Roberts
- Tremella steidleri (Bres.) Bourdot & Galzin
- Tremella stevensiana Diederich
- Tremella stictae Diederich
- Tremella subalpina Malysheva
- Tremella subanomala Coker
- Tremella subencephala Bandoni & Ginns
- Tremella subfibulifera Alvarenga, F.Wu, L.F.Fan & Y.C.Dai, 2021[2]
- Tremella subrubiginosa Lowy
- 沟纹银耳 Tremella sulcariae Diederich & M.S. Christ.
- 台湾银耳 Tremella taiwanensis Chee J. Chen
- Tremella tawa McNabb
- Tremella telleriae M. Dueñas
- 热带银耳 Tremella tropica Chee J. Chen
- Tremella tuckerae Diederich
- Tremella umbilicariae Diederich & Millanes
- Tremella variae Pérez-Ort., Millanes, V.J. Rico & J.C. Zamora
- Tremella vasifera Chee J. Chen
- Tremella verrucosa L.
- Tremella versicolor Berk. & Broome
- Tremella vescicaria Speg.
- Tremella vesiculosa McNabb
- Tremella vinosa Massee
- Tremella vinosotincta Rick
- Tremella volcanaqua Lowy
- 金水木耳 Tremella wirthii Diederich，赖特银耳
- Tremella yokohamensis (Alshahni, Satoh & Makimura) Yurkov
参考资料
编辑- ^ X.-Z.Liu, Q.-M.Wang, B.Theelen, M.Groenewald, F.-Y.Bai, T.Boekhout. Phylogeny of tremellomycetous yeasts and related dimorphic and filamentous basidiomycetes reconstructed from multiple gene sequence analyses, [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Long-Fei Fan, Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni, Fang Wu and Yu-Cheng Dai. 2022. Four New Species in the Tremella fibulifera complex (Tremellales, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys. 82: 33-56. DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.63241