泛甲壳动物

泛甲壳类
	加州刺龙虾
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
演化支：	有颚类 Mandibulata
演化支：	泛甲壳类 Pancrustacea; Zrzavý & Štys, 1997
亚门
	甲壳亚门 Crustacea; 六足亚门 Hexapoda;

泛甲壳动物（学名：Pancrustacea）是甲壳类及六足亚门的总称^[1]。这个分类与缺角类有矛盾，因缺角类只包含多足纲及六足亚门，并认为甲壳类是较为疏远的。截至2010年，泛甲壳动物已被广泛接受^[2]。

多项分子研究都支持泛甲壳动物是单系群^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]，但大部分甲壳类都是昆虫的并系群，即昆虫是演化自甲壳类祖先。

分类

泛甲壳动物由原来的颚足纲分拆，再与同属甲壳亚门的介形纲及软甲纲重新组合，成为寡甲总纲（Oligostraca）和多甲总纲（Multicrustacea）两个总纲^[7]。截至2019年12月27日 (2019-12-27)^[update]，WoRMS纪录泛甲壳动物包括下列各分类单元^[7]：

甲壳亚门 Crustacea
- 鳃足纲 Branchiopoda：原为演化支 Vericrustacea之下的分类单元；
- 头虾纲 Cephalocarida
- 多甲总纲 Multicrustacea^[8]^[9]
  - 六幼生纲 Hexanauplia^[10]
    - 桡足亚纲 Copepoda：原为演化支 Vericrustacea之下的纲级分类单元；
    - 微虾亚纲 Tantulocarida：原为演化支 Vericrustacea之下的纲级分类单元；
    - 鞘甲亚纲 Thecostraca：原为演化支 Vericrustacea之下的纲级分类单元；
  - 软甲纲 Malacostraca：原为演化支 Vericrustacea之下的分类单元；
- 寡甲总纲 Oligostraca^[11]^[12]
  - 鱼介形纲 Ichthyostraca^[13]
    - 鳃尾亚纲 Branchiura：原为纲级
    - 舌形亚纲 Pentastomida：原为纲级，又名五口纲
  - 须虾亚纲 Mystacocarida
  - 介形纲 Ostracoda
- 桨足纲 Remipedia
?†袋头纲 Thylacocephala^[14]
六足亚门 Hexapoda
- 内口纲 Entognatha
- 昆虫纲 Insecta

参考文献

^ Zrzavý, J.; Štys, P. The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 1997, 10: 353–67. doi:10.1007/s000360050029 （英语）.
^ Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ehsan Kayal, Dianne Gleeson, Jennifer Daub, Jeffrey L. Boore, Maximilian J. Telford, Davide Pisani, Mark Blaxter & Dennis V. Lavrov. Ecdysozoan mitogenomics: evidence for a common origin of the legged invertebrates, the Panarthropoda. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2010, 2: 425–40. PMID 20624745. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. （原始内容存档于2012-07-10）.
^ Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier. Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean + hexapod clade (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2000, 267 (1447): 1011–9 [2010-09-17]. PMID 10874751. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1104. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-08）.
^ Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera. A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization. Cladistics. 2000, 16: 204–31. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x.
^ Nardi, Francesco; Spinsanti, Giacomo; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Carapelli, Antonio; Dallai, Romano; Frati, Francesco. Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?. Science (journal). 2003, 299 (5614): 1887–9 [2019-12-27]. PMID 12649480. doi:10.1126/science.1078607. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.
^ Jerome C. Regier; et al. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–83. PMID 20147900. doi:10.1038/nature08742.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Multicrustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].
^ Regier, J. C.; Shultz, J. W.; Zwick, A.; Hussey, A.; Ball, B.; Wetzer, R.; Martin, J. W.; Cunningham, C. W. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742 （英语）.
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Hexanauplia. WoRMS. 2016-11-30 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].
^ Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 编. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –通过WoRMS.
^ †class Thylacocephala (crustacean). Paleobiology Database. [2019-12-27].

外部链接

[1] Zrzavý, J.; Štys, P. The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 1997, 10: 353–67. doi:10.1007/s000360050029 （英语）.

[2] Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ehsan Kayal, Dianne Gleeson, Jennifer Daub, Jeffrey L. Boore, Maximilian J. Telford, Davide Pisani, Mark Blaxter & Dennis V. Lavrov. Ecdysozoan mitogenomics: evidence for a common origin of the legged invertebrates, the Panarthropoda. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2010, 2: 425–40. PMID 20624745. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. （原始内容存档于2012-07-10）.

[3] Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier. Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean + hexapod clade (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2000, 267 (1447): 1011–9 [2010-09-17]. PMID 10874751. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1104. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-08）.

[4] Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera. A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization. Cladistics. 2000, 16: 204–31. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x.

[5] Nardi, Francesco; Spinsanti, Giacomo; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Carapelli, Antonio; Dallai, Romano; Frati, Francesco. Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?. Science (journal). 2003, 299 (5614): 1887–9 [2019-12-27]. PMID 12649480. doi:10.1126/science.1078607. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.

[6] Jerome C. Regier; et al. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–83. PMID 20147900. doi:10.1038/nature08742.

[WoRMS_1066-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845959-8] Boxshall, Geoff. Multicrustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].

[Regier_et_al_2010-9] Regier, J. C.; Shultz, J. W.; Zwick, A.; Hussey, A.; Ball, B.; Wetzer, R.; Martin, J. W.; Cunningham, C. W. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742 （英语）.

[WoRMS_889925-10] Boxshall, Geoff. Hexanauplia. WoRMS. 2016-11-30 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845957-11] Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].

[Zrzavý_et_al_1997-12] Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 编. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.

[WoRMS_845958-13] Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –通过WoRMS.

[14] †class Thylacocephala (crustacean). Paleobiology Database. [2019-12-27].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]