泛甲殼動物

泛甲殼類
	加州刺龍蝦
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
演化支：	有顎類 Mandibulata
演化支：	泛甲殼類 Pancrustacea; Zrzavý & Štys, 1997
亞門
	甲殼亞門 Crustacea; 六足亞門 Hexapoda;

泛甲殼動物（學名：Pancrustacea）是甲殼類及六足亞門的總稱^[1]。這個分類與缺角類有矛盾，因缺角類只包含多足綱及六足亞門，並認為甲殼類是較為疏遠的。截至2010年，泛甲殼動物已被廣泛接受^[2]。

多項分子研究都支持泛甲殼動物是單系群^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]，但大部份甲殼類都是昆蟲的並系群，即昆蟲是演化自甲殼類祖先。

分類

泛甲殼動物由原來的顎足綱分拆，再與同屬甲殻亞門的介形綱及軟甲綱重新組合，成為寡甲總綱（Oligostraca）和多甲總綱（Multicrustacea）兩個總綱^[7]。截至2019年12月27日 (2019-12-27)^[update]，WoRMS紀錄泛甲殼動物包括下列各分類單元^[7]：

甲殼亞門 Crustacea
- 鰓足綱 Branchiopoda：原為演化支 Vericrustacea之下的分類單元；
- 頭蝦綱 Cephalocarida
- 多甲總綱 Multicrustacea^[8]^[9]
  - 六幼生綱 Hexanauplia^[10]
    - 橈足亞綱 Copepoda：原為演化支 Vericrustacea之下的綱級分類單元；
    - 微蝦亞綱 Tantulocarida：原為演化支 Vericrustacea之下的綱級分類單元；
    - 鞘甲亞綱 Thecostraca：原為演化支 Vericrustacea之下的綱級分類單元；
  - 軟甲綱 Malacostraca：原為演化支 Vericrustacea之下的分類單元；
- 寡甲總綱 Oligostraca^[11]^[12]
  - 魚介形綱 Ichthyostraca^[13]
    - 鰓尾亞綱 Branchiura：原為綱級
    - 舌形亞綱 Pentastomida：原為綱級，又名五口綱
  - 鬚蝦亞綱 Mystacocarida
  - 介形綱 Ostracoda
- 槳足綱 Remipedia
?†袋頭綱 Thylacocephala^[14]
六足亞門 Hexapoda
- 內口綱 Entognatha
- 昆蟲綱 Insecta

參考文獻

^ Zrzavý, J.; Štys, P. The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 1997, 10: 353–67. doi:10.1007/s000360050029 （英語）.
^ Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ehsan Kayal, Dianne Gleeson, Jennifer Daub, Jeffrey L. Boore, Maximilian J. Telford, Davide Pisani, Mark Blaxter & Dennis V. Lavrov. Ecdysozoan mitogenomics: evidence for a common origin of the legged invertebrates, the Panarthropoda. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2010, 2: 425–40. PMID 20624745. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-10）.
^ Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier. Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean + hexapod clade (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2000, 267 (1447): 1011–9 [2010-09-17]. PMID 10874751. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1104. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-08-08）.
^ Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera. A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization. Cladistics. 2000, 16: 204–31. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x.
^ Nardi, Francesco; Spinsanti, Giacomo; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Carapelli, Antonio; Dallai, Romano; Frati, Francesco. Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?. Science (journal). 2003, 299 (5614): 1887–9 [2019-12-27]. PMID 12649480. doi:10.1126/science.1078607. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-25）.
^ Jerome C. Regier; et al. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–83. PMID 20147900. doi:10.1038/nature08742.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Multicrustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].
^ Regier, J. C.; Shultz, J. W.; Zwick, A.; Hussey, A.; Ball, B.; Wetzer, R.; Martin, J. W.; Cunningham, C. W. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742 （英語）.
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Hexanauplia. WoRMS. 2016-11-30 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].
^ Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 編. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –透過WoRMS.
^ †class Thylacocephala (crustacean). Paleobiology Database. [2019-12-27].

外部連結

[1] Zrzavý, J.; Štys, P. The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 1997, 10: 353–67. doi:10.1007/s000360050029 （英語）.

[2] Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ehsan Kayal, Dianne Gleeson, Jennifer Daub, Jeffrey L. Boore, Maximilian J. Telford, Davide Pisani, Mark Blaxter & Dennis V. Lavrov. Ecdysozoan mitogenomics: evidence for a common origin of the legged invertebrates, the Panarthropoda. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2010, 2: 425–40. PMID 20624745. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-10）.

[3] Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier. Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean + hexapod clade (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2000, 267 (1447): 1011–9 [2010-09-17]. PMID 10874751. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1104. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-08-08）.

[4] Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera. A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization. Cladistics. 2000, 16: 204–31. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x.

[5] Nardi, Francesco; Spinsanti, Giacomo; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Carapelli, Antonio; Dallai, Romano; Frati, Francesco. Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?. Science (journal). 2003, 299 (5614): 1887–9 [2019-12-27]. PMID 12649480. doi:10.1126/science.1078607. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-25）.

[6] Jerome C. Regier; et al. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–83. PMID 20147900. doi:10.1038/nature08742.

[WoRMS_1066-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845959-8] Boxshall, Geoff. Multicrustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].

[Regier_et_al_2010-9] Regier, J. C.; Shultz, J. W.; Zwick, A.; Hussey, A.; Ball, B.; Wetzer, R.; Martin, J. W.; Cunningham, C. W. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742 （英語）.

[WoRMS_889925-10] Boxshall, Geoff. Hexanauplia. WoRMS. 2016-11-30 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845957-11] Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].

[Zrzavý_et_al_1997-12] Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 編. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.

[WoRMS_845958-13] Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –透過WoRMS.

[14] †class Thylacocephala (crustacean). Paleobiology Database. [2019-12-27].

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