热经济学

热经济学（英语：Thermoeconomics），也被称为生物物理经济学（英语：Biophysical economics），是一种非主流经济学，它把热力学定律应用到经济理论中来^[1]。术语“热经济学”是由美国工程师梅伦‧翠柏斯创造于1962年^[2]^[3]^[4]，热经济学可以被看作是经济价值的统计物理学^[5]。

学科基础

热经济学的依据是：能源的作用在生物的进化中，通过热力学第二定律，可被定义及理解；以经济标准则表示为生产力、效率，尤其是各类机制下的成本和收益（或盈利能力），用于获得及运用可用能源来构建生物质和做工作^[6]^[7]。

热力学

热经济学家认为，人类经济体系可以看作是热力学系统。而基于这个前提下，热力学第一和第二定律的经济理论的类似物得以开发^[8]。还有热力学的度量–㶲（英语：Exergy）：它测量一个系统有效运作的能源，是价值的一个度量。

经济体系

热经济学家认为，经济体系总是涉及物质，能量，熵和信息^[9]。此外，许多经济活动的目的是要达成一定的结构。以这种方式，热经济学适用于非平衡态热力学理论，这种结构的形成称为“耗散系统”的形成。还有信息论，其中熵是一个主要构建物，以经济活动来建模：其中能量和物料的自然流动起了作用，创造了稀有资源^[1]。在热力学术语中，人类经济活动可以被描述为一个“耗散系统”，它转换和交换资源、商品和服务以消耗自由能^[10]^[11]。

参见

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter. Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. 1990. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X.
^ Yehia M. El-Sayed (2003). The Thermoeconomics of Energy Conversions (pg. 4). Pergamon.
^ A. Valero, L. Serra, and J. Uche (2006). Fundamentals of Exergy Cost Accounting and Thermoeconomics. Part I: Theory, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 128, Issue 1, pp. 1-8.
^ Gong, Mei, Wall, Goran. (1997). On Exergetics, Economics and Optimization of Technical Processes to Meet Environmental Conditions. Exergy Studies.
^ Chen, Jing. The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. 2005. ISBN 981-256-323-7.
^ Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 453 – 482
^ Corning, P. (2002). “Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law”
^ Burley, Peter; Foster, John. Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1994. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.
^ Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18)
^ Raine, Alan; Foster, John; and Potts, Jason. The new entropy law and the economic process. Ecological Complexity. 2006, 3: 354–360.
^ Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley. Economies evolve by energy dispersal. Entropy. 2009, 11 (4): 606–633.

[Sieniutycz-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter. Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. 1990. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X.

[2] Yehia M. El-Sayed (2003). The Thermoeconomics of Energy Conversions (pg. 4). Pergamon.

[3] A. Valero, L. Serra, and J. Uche (2006). Fundamentals of Exergy Cost Accounting and Thermoeconomics. Part I: Theory, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 128, Issue 1, pp. 1-8.

[4] Gong, Mei, Wall, Goran. (1997). On Exergetics, Economics and Optimization of Technical Processes to Meet Environmental Conditions. Exergy Studies.

[5] Chen, Jing. The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. 2005. ISBN 981-256-323-7.

[6] Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 453 – 482

[7] Corning, P. (2002). “Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law”

[8] Burley, Peter; Foster, John. Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1994. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.

[Baumarter-9] Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18)

[10] Raine, Alan; Foster, John; and Potts, Jason. The new entropy law and the economic process. Ecological Complexity. 2006, 3: 354–360.

[11] Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley. Economies evolve by energy dispersal. Entropy. 2009, 11 (4): 606–633.

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