熱經濟學

熱經濟學（英語：Thermoeconomics），也被稱為生物物理經濟學（英語：Biophysical economics），是一種非主流經濟學，它把熱力學定律應用到經濟理論中來^[1]。術語「熱經濟學」是由美國工程師梅倫‧翠柏斯創造於1962年^[2]^[3]^[4]，熱經濟學可以被看作是經濟價值的統計物理學^[5]。

學科基礎

熱經濟學的依據是：能源的作用在生物的進化中，通過熱力學第二定律，可被定義及理解；以經濟標準則表示為生產力、效率，尤其是各類機制下的成本和收益（或盈利能力），用於獲得及運用可用能源來構建生物質和做工作^[6]^[7]。

熱力學

熱經濟學家認為，人類經濟體系可以看作是熱力學系統。而基於這個前提下，熱力學第一和第二定律的經濟理論的類似物得以開發^[8]。還有熱力學的度量–㶲（英語：Exergy）：它測量一個系統有效運作的能源，是價值的一個度量。

經濟體系

熱經濟學家認為，經濟體系總是涉及物質，能量，熵和信息^[9]。此外，許多經濟活動的目的是要達成一定的結構。以這種方式，熱經濟學適用於非平衡態熱力學理論，這種結構的形成稱為「耗散系統」的形成。還有資訊理論，其中熵是一個主要構建物，以經濟活動來建模：其中能量和物料的自然流動起了作用，創造了稀有資源^[1]。在熱力學術語中，人類經濟活動可以被描述為一個「耗散系統」，它轉換和交換資源、商品和服務以消耗自由能^[10]^[11]。

參見

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter. Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. 1990. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X.
^ Yehia M. El-Sayed (2003). The Thermoeconomics of Energy Conversions (pg. 4). Pergamon.
^ A. Valero, L. Serra, and J. Uche (2006). Fundamentals of Exergy Cost Accounting and Thermoeconomics. Part I: Theory, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 128, Issue 1, pp. 1-8.
^ Gong, Mei, Wall, Goran. (1997). On Exergetics, Economics and Optimization of Technical Processes to Meet Environmental Conditions. Exergy Studies.
^ Chen, Jing. The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. 2005. ISBN 981-256-323-7.
^ Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 453 – 482
^ Corning, P. (2002). 「Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law」
^ Burley, Peter; Foster, John. Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1994. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.
^ Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18)
^ Raine, Alan; Foster, John; and Potts, Jason. The new entropy law and the economic process. Ecological Complexity. 2006, 3: 354–360.
^ Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley. Economies evolve by energy dispersal. Entropy. 2009, 11 (4): 606–633.

[Sieniutycz-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter. Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. 1990. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X.

[2] Yehia M. El-Sayed (2003). The Thermoeconomics of Energy Conversions (pg. 4). Pergamon.

[3] A. Valero, L. Serra, and J. Uche (2006). Fundamentals of Exergy Cost Accounting and Thermoeconomics. Part I: Theory, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 128, Issue 1, pp. 1-8.

[4] Gong, Mei, Wall, Goran. (1997). On Exergetics, Economics and Optimization of Technical Processes to Meet Environmental Conditions. Exergy Studies.

[5] Chen, Jing. The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. 2005. ISBN 981-256-323-7.

[6] Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 453 – 482

[7] Corning, P. (2002). 「Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law」

[8] Burley, Peter; Foster, John. Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1994. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.

[Baumarter-9] Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18)

[10] Raine, Alan; Foster, John; and Potts, Jason. The new entropy law and the economic process. Ecological Complexity. 2006, 3: 354–360.

[11] Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley. Economies evolve by energy dispersal. Entropy. 2009, 11 (4): 606–633.

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