乍得语族(Chadic languages)是亚非语系闪含语系)之下的语族之一,语言人口主要分布于中、西非的尼日利亚北部、尼日尔乍得中非共和国喀麦隆。乍得语族大致上可以分为比乌-曼达拉语支东乍得语支西乍得语支和马萨Masa语支四个语支。

乍得语族
地理分布尼日利亚尼日尔乍得中非共和国喀麦隆
谱系学分类亚非语系
  • 乍得语族
分支
ISO 639-5cdc

查德语族在非洲的分布

豪萨语是乍得语族中语言人口分布最广泛的语言,属于西乍得语支,亦是西非的非官方通用语。

分支

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  • 比乌-曼达拉语支 (Biu-Mandara)
    • Biu-Mandara A
      • Biu-Mandara A.1
        • Biu-Mandara Eastern A.1
        • Biu-Mandara Western A.1
          • Jara (jaf)
          • 特拉语 Tera (ttr)
      • Biu-Mandara A.2
        • Nggwahyi (ngx)
        • Biu-Mandara A.2 1
        • Biu-Mandara A.2 2
          • Huba (hbb)
          • 南马尔吉语 Marghi South (mfm)
          • 中马尔吉语 Marghi Central (mrt)
      • Biu-Mandara A.3
      • Biu-Mandara A.4
        • Lamang
        • 纯正曼达拉 Mandara Proper
          • Glavda
          • 曼达拉语 Mandara
          • Podoko
      • Biu-Mandara A.5
        • Baldemu (bdn)
        • Cuvok (cuv)
        • Dugwor (dme)
        • 北吉西加语 Giziga, North (gis)
        • 南吉西加语 Giziga, South (giz)
        • Mada (mxu)
        • Mafa (maf)
        • Matal (mfh)
        • Mbuko (mqb)
        • Mefele (mfj)
        • Merey (meq)
        • Mofu, North (mfk)
        • Mofu-Gudur (mif)
        • Moloko (mlw)
        • Muyang (muy)
        • Vame (mlr)
        • Wuzlam (udl)
        • Zulgo-Gemzek (gnd)
      • Biu-Mandara A.6
      • Biu-Mandara A.7
      • Biu-Mandara A.8
    • Biu-Mandara B
      • Biu-Mandara B.1
        • Jilbe (jie)
        • 布杜马语 Buduma
          • 布杜马语 Buduma (bdm)
        • Jina
        • 纯正科托科语 Kotoko Proper
      • Biu-Mandara B.2
    • Biu-Mandara C
  • 东乍得语支 (East Chadic)
    • East Chadic A
      • East Chadic A.1
        • Buso (bso)
        • East Chadic A.1 1
        • East Chadic A.1 2
      • East Chadic A.2
        • East Chadic A.2 1
          • Kimré (kqp)
          • Lele (lln)
          • 南歇雷语 Nancere (nnc)
        • East Chadic A.2 2
      • East Chadic A.3
    • East Chadic B
      • East Chadic B.1
        • East Chadic B.1 1
          • Bidiyo (bid)
          • 丹加利特语 Dangaléat (daa)
          • Jonkor Bourmataguil (jeu)
          • Mabire (muj)
          • Mawa (mcw)
          • Migaama (mmy)
          • Mogum (mou)
          • Ubi (ubi)
        • East Chadic B.1 2
      • East Chadic B.2
      • East Chadic B.3
        • Barein (bva)
        • Saba (saa)
        • 索科罗语 Sokoro (sok)
        • Tamki (tax)
  • 马萨语支 Masa
  • 西乍得语支 (West Chadic)
    • Luri (ldd)
    • West Chadic A
      • Daza (dzd)
      • West Chadic A.1
      • West Chadic A.2
        • Bole
          • Bure (bvh)
          • Bole Proper
          • 卡雷卡雷语 Karekare
            • 卡雷卡雷语 Karekare (kai)
        • 坦加勒 Tangale
          • Dera
          • 纯正坦加勒 Tangale Proper
            • Kushi (kuh)
            • Kutto (kpa)
            • Kwaami (ksq)
            • Pero (pip)
            • Piya-Kwonci (piy)
            • 坦加勒语 Tangale (tan)
      • West Chadic A.3
        • 纯正安加斯 Angas Proper
          • Angas Proper 1
          • Angas Proper 2
        • Yiwom
      • West Chadic A.4
        • Fyer
        • 纯正罗恩 Ron Proper
    • West Chadic B
      • West Chadic B.1
        • Auyokawa (auo)
        • 纯正巴德 Bade Proper
          • 巴德语 Bade (bde)
          • 恩吉津语 Ngizim (ngi)
          • Teshenawa (twc)
        • Duwai
      • West Chadic B.2
      • West Chadic B.3
        • Dass (dot)
        • Boghom
        • Guruntum
        • West Chadic B.3 Eastern
        • Zaar Proper

参考文献

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  • Ethnologue entry for Chadic languages页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'The linguistic situation in the Lake Chad area in Central Africa.' Africa, 9, 332–349.
  • Newman, Paul (1977) 'Chadic classification and reconstructions.' Afroasiatic Linguistics 5, 1, 1–42.
  • Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic 'adieu': new thoughts on Chadic language classification', in Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed.), Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica. Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Università di Firenze, 389–397.
  • Newman, Paul (1980) The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.
  • Newman, Paul and Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Comparative Chadic: phonology and lexicon.' Journal of African Languages, 5, 218–251.
  • Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Chadic overview', in M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, and David L. Appleyard (eds.), Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff, LINCOM Europa, 55–60.

外部链接

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