介子列表
介子是由一个夸克和一个反夸克组成的不稳定亚原子粒子,为强子的一种。强子的另一个成员是重子,由三个夸克组成的亚原子粒子。介子和重子的主要区别在于介子具有整数自旋(因此是玻色子),而重子是费米子(半整数自旋)。因为介子是玻色子,泡利不相容原理不适用于它们。因此,它们可以在短距离内充当作用力的中介粒子,从而在核相互作用等过程中发挥作用。
由于介子是由夸克组成的,它们既参与弱相互作用,也参与强相互作用。带净电荷的介子也参与了电磁相互作用。它们根据夸克含量、总角动量、宇称和各种其他性质(如C-宇称和G-宇称)进行分类。虽然没有介子是稳定的,但质量较低的介子比质量最大的介子更稳定,在粒子加速器或宇宙射线实验中更容易观察和研究。它们通常比重子质量小,这意味着它们在实验中更容易产生,并且比重子更快地表现出更高的能量现象。例如,1974年在J/ψ介子中发现魅夸克[1][2] ,1977年在ϒ介子中发现底夸克[3]。
每个介子都有一个对应的反粒子(反介子),夸克被相应的反夸克取代,反之亦然。例如,一个正介子(π+)是由一个上夸克和一个反下夸克组成的;它对应的反粒子,负介子(π-)由一个反上夸克和一个下夸克组成。一些实验显示了四夸克介子的证据,由两个夸克和两个反夸克组成的奇异介子,但粒子物理学整体上认为它们的存在是可能的[4]。
介子列表
编辑下面列出了所有已知和预测的赝标介子和矢量介子的详细信息。
本列表并未列出反介子。然而,它们只是将所有夸克换成对应的反夸克,并将Q、B、S、C、B′等数值变号。名称旁边有†的粒子已由标准模型预测,但尚未观察到。红色的数值并没有通过实验确定,而是通过夸克模型预测出来的,并且与测量结果一致。
在本列表中的符号有:I(同位旋)、J(总角动量量子数)、P(宇称,表示座标系镜像变换时特征值的奇偶性)、C(C-宇称)、G(G-宇称)、u(上夸克)、d(下夸克)、s(奇夸克)、c(粲夸克)、b(底夸克)、Q(电荷)、B(重子数)、 S(奇异数)、C(粲数)、B′(底数)以及多种次原子粒子。
赝标介子
编辑JP = 0-介子
粒子名称 | 粒子 符号 |
反粒子 符号 |
夸克组成 | 静止质量 (MeV/c2) | IG | JPC | S | C | B' | 平均生命期 (s) | 通常衰变至 (>5%的衰变) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
π介子[5] | π+ |
π− |
u d |
18±0.00035 139.570 | 1− | 0− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.0005)×10−8 (2.6033 | μ+ + ν μ |
π介子[6] | π0 |
Self | ±0.0006 134.9766 | 1− | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.18)×10−17 (8.52 | γ + γ | |
η介子[7] | η |
Self | ±0.018 547.862 | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.19)×10−19 (5.02 | γ + γ or π0 + π0 + π0 or | |
η素介子[8] | η′ (958) |
Self | ±0.06 957.78 | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.15)×10−21 (3.32 | π+ + π− + η or | |
η粲介子[9] | η c (1S) |
Self | c c |
983.6±0.7 2 | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.05)×10−23 (2.04 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
η底介子[10] | η b (1S) |
Self | b b |
398.0±3.2 9 | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 未知 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-b-1S.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
K介子[11] | K+ |
K− |
u s |
±0.016 493.677 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 1 | 0 | 0 | ±0.0021)×10−8 (1.2380 | μ+ + ν μ or |
K介子[12] | K0 |
K0 |
d s |
±0.024 497.614 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
短寿命K介子[13] | K0 S |
Self | ±0.024 497.614 | 1⁄2 | 0− | (*) | 0 | 0 | ±0.004)×10−11 (8.954 | π+ + π− or | |
长寿命K介子[14] | K0 L |
Self | ±0.024 497.614 | 1⁄2 | 0− | (*) | 0 | 0 | ±0.021)×10−8 (5.116 | π± + e∓ + ν e or π± + μ∓ + ν μ or | |
D介子[15] | D+ |
D− |
c d |
869.61±0.10 1 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 0 | +1 | 0 | ±0.007)×10−12 (1.040 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-plus-minus.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
D介子[16] | D0 |
D0 |
c u |
864.84±0.07 1 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 0 | +1 | 0 | ±0.015)×10−13 (4.101 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-zero.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
奇D介子[17] | D+ s |
D− s |
c s |
968.30±0.11 1 | 0 | 0− | +1 | +1 | 0 | ±0.07)×10−13 (5.00 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
B介子[18] | B+ |
B− |
u b |
279.26±0.17 5 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 0 | 0 | +1 | ±0.004)×10−12 (1.638 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-plus-minus.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
B介子[19] | B0 |
B0 |
d b |
279.58±0.17 5 | 1⁄2 | 0− | 0 | 0 | +1 | ±0.009)×10−12 (1.519 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-zero.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
奇B介子[20] | B0 s |
B0 s |
s b |
366.77±0.24 5 | 0 | 0− | −1 | 0 | +1 | ±0.007)×10−12 (1.512 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-zero.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
粲B介子[21] | B+ c |
B− c |
c b |
275.6±1.1 6 | 0 | 0− | 0 | +1 | +1 | ±0.33)×10−13 (4.52 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
[a] ^ 由于非零夸克质量而产生的补偿不精确。
[b] ^ 此处根据粒子数据组(PDG)所给出的共振宽度(Γ)值,使用生命期τ = ħ/Γ 转换求得。
[c] ^ 强本征态,没有确定的寿命。
[d] ^ 所给出的
K0
L与
K0
S的质量与
K0
相同,但已知
K0
L与
K0
S存在大约为×10−11 MeV/c2的质量差。 2.2[14]
[e] ^ Weak eigenstate. Makeup is missing small CP–violating term (see notes on neutral kaons below).
矢量介子
编辑JP = 1-介子
粒子名称 | 粒子 符号 |
反粒子 符号 |
夸克组成 | 静止质量 (MeV/c2) | IG | JPC | S | C | B' | 平均生命期 (s) | 通常衰变至 (>5%的衰变) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ρ介子[22] | ρ+ (770) |
ρ− (770) |
u d |
±0.34 775.11 | 1+ | 1− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.02)×10−24 (4.41 | π± + π0 |
ρ介子[22] | ρ0 (770) |
Self | ±0.25 775.26 | 1+ | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.03)×10−24 (4.45 | π+ + π− | |
ω介子[23] | ω (782) |
Self | ±0.12 782.65 | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.07)×10−23 (7.75 | π+ + π0 + π− or | |
φ介子[24] | φ (1020) |
Self | s s |
019.461±0.019 1 | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.01)×10−22 (1.54 | K+ + K− or K0 S + K0 L or ( ρ + π ) / ( π+ + π0 + π− ) |
J/ψ介子[25] | J/ψ |
Self | c c |
096.916±0.011 3 | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.21)×10−21 (7.09 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-J-psi-1S.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
ϒ介子[26] | ϒ (1S) |
Self | b b |
460.30±0.26 9 | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0.03)×10−20 (1.22 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-upsilon-1S.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
K介子[27] | K∗+ |
K∗− |
u s |
±0.026 891.66 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 1 | 0 | 0 | ±0.06)×10−23 (3.26 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
K介子[27] | K∗0 |
K∗0 |
d s |
±0.19 895.81 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 1 | 0 | 0 | ±0.02)×10−23 (1.39 | http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
D介子[28] | D∗+ (2010) |
D∗− (2010) |
c d |
010.26±0.07 2 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 0 | +1 | 0 | ±0.17)×10−21 (7.89 | D0 + π+ or D+ + π0 |
D介子[29] | D∗0 (2007) |
D∗0 (2007) |
c u |
006.96±0.10 2 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 0 | +1 | 0 | >×10−22 3.1 | D0 + π0 or D0 + γ |
奇D介子[30] | D∗+ s |
D∗− s |
c s |
112.1±0.4 2 | 0 | 1− | +1 | +1 | 0 | >×10−22 3.4 | D∗+ + γ or D∗+ + π0 |
B介子[31] | B∗+ |
B∗− |
u b |
325.2±0.4 5 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 0 | 0 | +1 | 未知 | B+ + γ |
B介子[31] | B∗0 |
B∗0 |
d b |
325.2±0.4 5 | 1⁄2 | 1− | 0 | 0 | +1 | 未知 | B0 + γ |
奇B介子[32] | B∗0 s |
B∗0 s |
s b |
415.4+2.4 −2.1 5 |
0 | 1− | −1 | 0 | +1 | 未知 | B0 s + γ |
粲B介子† | B∗+ c |
B∗− c |
c b |
未知 | 0 | 1− | 0 | +1 | +1 | 未知 | 未知 |
[f] ^ 此处根据粒子数据组(PDG)所给出的共振宽度(Γ)值,使用生命期τ = ħ/Γ 转换求得。
[g] ^ 精确值取决于所用的方法,详见给定参考。
介子共振粒子
编辑因为这个表最初是从公布的结果中推导出来的,其中许多结果是初步的,所以下表中多达64个介子可能不存在,或者质量或量子数错误。
较轻/无味 (S=C=B=0) |
奇异 (S=±1, C=B=0) |
粲/奇异 (C=S=±1) |
c c | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IG(JPC) | IG(JPC) | IG(JP) | IG(JP) | IG(JPC) | |||||
π± |
1−(0−) | φ(1680) | 0−(1−−) | K± |
1⁄2(0−) | D± s |
0(0−) | η c(1S) |
0+(0−+) |
π0 |
1−(0−+) | ρ 3(1690) |
1+(3−−) | K0 |
1⁄2(0−) | D*± s |
0(??) | J/ψ(1S) | 0−(1−−) |
η | 0+(0−+) | ρ(1700) | 1+(1−−) | K0 S |
1⁄2(0−) | D* s0(2317)± |
0(0+) | χ c0(1P) |
0+(0++) |
f 0(500) |
0+(0++) | a 2(1700) |
1−(2++) | K0 L |
1⁄2(0−) | D s1(2460)± |
0(1+) | χ c1(1P) |
0+(1++) |
ρ(770) | 1+(1−−) | f0(1710) | 0+(0++) | K* 0(800) |
1⁄2(0+) | D s1(2536)± |
0(1+) | h c(1P) |
??(1+−) |
ω(782) | 0−(1−−) | η(1760) | 0+(0−+) | K* (892) |
1⁄2(1−) | D s2(2573) |
0(??) | χ c2(1P) |
0+(2++) |
η′ (958) | 0+(0−+) | π(1800) | 1−(0−+) | K 1(1270) |
1⁄2(1+) | D* s1(2700)± |
0(1−) | η c(2S) |
0+(0−+) |
f 0(980) |
0+(0++) | f 2(1810) |
0+(2++) | K 1(1400) |
1⁄2(1+) | D* sJ(2860)± |
0(??) | ψ(2S) | 0−(1−−) |
a 0(980) |
1−(0++) | X(1835) | ??(?−+) | K* (1410) |
1⁄2(1−) | D sJ(3040)± |
0(??) | ψ(3770) | 0−(1−−) |
φ(1020) | 0−(1−−) | X(1840) | ??(???) | K* 0(1430) |
1⁄2(0+) | 底 (B=±1) |
X(3823) | ??(??−) | |
h 1(1170) |
0−(1+−) | φ 3(1850) |
0−(3−−) | K* 2(1430) |
1⁄2(2+) | X(3872) | 0+(1++) | ||
b 1(1235) |
1+(1+−) | η 2(1870) |
0+(2−+) | K(1460) | 1⁄2(0−) | B± |
1⁄2(0−) | X(3900)± | ?(1+) |
a 1(1260) |
1−(1++) | π 2(1880) |
1−(2−+) | K 2(1580) |
1⁄2(2−) | B0 |
1⁄2(0−) | X(3900)0 | ?(??) |
f 2(1270) |
0+(2++) | ρ(1900) | 1+(1−−) | K(1630) | 1⁄2(??) | B± / B0 Admixture |
χ c0(2P) |
0+(0++) | |
f 1(1285) |
0+(1++) | f 2(1910) |
0+(2++) | K 1(1650) |
1⁄2(1+) | B± / B0 / B0 s/b-baryon Admixture |
χ c2(2P) |
0+(2++) | |
η(1295) | 0+(0−+) | f 2(1950) |
0+(2++) | K* (1680) |
1⁄2(1−) | X(3940) | ??(???) | ||
π(1300) | 1−(0−+) | ρ 3(1990) |
1+(3−−) | K 2(1770) |
1⁄2(2−) | Vcb and Vub CKM Matrix Admixture |
X(4020)± | ?(??) | |
a 2(1320) |
1−(2++) | f 2(2010) |
0+(2++) | K* 3(1780) |
1⁄2(3−) | ψ(4040) | 0−(1−−) | ||
f 0(1370) |
0+(0++) | f 0(2020) |
0+(0++) | K 2(1820) |
1⁄2(2−) | B* |
1⁄2(1−) | X(4050)± | ?(??) |
h 1(1380) |
?−(1+−) | a 4(2040) |
1−(4++) | K(1830) | 1⁄2(0−) | B* J(5732) |
?(??) | X(4140) | 0+(??+) |
π 1(1400) |
1−(1−+) | f 4(2050) |
0+(4++) | K* 0(1950) |
1⁄2(0+) | B 1(5721)0 |
1⁄2(1+) | ψ(4160) | 0−(1−−) |
η(1405) | 0+(0−+) | π 2(2100) |
1−(2−+) | K* 2(1980) |
1⁄2(2+) | B* 1(5721)0 |
1⁄2(2+) | X(4160) | ??(???) |
f 1(1420) |
0+(1++) | f 0(2100) |
0+(0++) | K* 0(2045) |
1⁄2(4+) | 底/奇异 (B=±1, S=∓1) |
X(4250)± | ?(??) | |
ω(1420) | 0−(1−−) | f 2(2150) |
0+(2++) | K 2(2250) |
1⁄2(2−) | X(4260) | ??(1−−) | ||
f 2(1430) |
0+(2++) | ρ(2150) | 1+(1−−) | K 3(2320) |
1⁄2(3+) | B0 s |
0(0−) | X(4350) | 0+(??+) |
a 0(1450) |
1−(0++) | φ(2170) | 0−(1−−) | K* 5(2380) |
1⁄2(5−) | B* s |
0(1−) | X(4360) | ??(1−−) |
ρ(1450) | 1+(1−−) | f 0(2200) |
0+(0++) | k 4(2500) |
1⁄2(4−) | B s1(5830)0 |
0(1+) | ψ(4415) | 0−(1−−) |
η(1475) | 0+(0−+) | fJ(2200) | 0+(2++ or 4++) |
K(3100) | ??(???) | B* s2(5840)0 |
0(2+) | X(4430)± | ?(1+) |
f 0(1500) |
0+(0++) | 粲 (C=±1) |
B* sJ(5850) |
?(??) | X(4660) | ??(1−−) | |||
f 1(1510) |
0+(1++) | η(2225) | 0+(0−+) | 底/粲 (B=C=±1) |
b b | ||||
f′ 1(1525) |
0+(2++) | ρ 3(2250) |
1+(3−−) | D± |
1⁄2(0−) | η b(1S) |
0+(0−+) | ||
f 2(1565) |
0+(2++) | f2(2300) | 0+(2++) | D0 |
1⁄2(0−) | B± c |
0(0−) | Υ(1S) | 0−(1−−) |
ρ(1570) | 1+(1−−) | f 4(2300) |
0+(4++) | D* (2007)0 |
1⁄2(1−) | χ b0(1P) |
0+(0++) | ||
h 1(1595) |
0−(1+−) | f 0(2330) |
0+(0++) | D* (2010)± |
1⁄2(1−) | χ b1(1P) |
0+(1++) | ||
π 1(1600) |
1−(1−+) | f 2(2340) |
0+(2++) | D* 0(2400)0 |
1⁄2(0+) | χ b0(2P) |
0+(0++) | ||
a 1(1640) |
1−(1++) | ρ 5(2350) |
1+(5−−) | D* 0(2400)± |
1⁄2(0+) | h b(1P) |
??(1+−) | ||
f 2(1640) |
0+(2++) | a 6(2450) |
1−(6++) | D 1(2420)0 |
1⁄2(1+) | χ b2(1P) |
0+(2++) | ||
η 2(1645) |
0+(2−+) | f 6(2510) |
0+(6++) | D 1(2420)± |
1⁄2(??) | η b(2S) |
0+(0−+) | ||
ω(1650) | 0−(1−−) | 其他较轻的介子 | D 1(2430)0 |
1⁄2(1+) | Υ(2S) | 0−(1−−) | |||
ω 3(1670) |
0−(3−−) | 其他状态 | D* 2(2460)0 |
1⁄2(2+) | Υ(1D) | 0−(2−−) | |||
π 2(1670) |
1−(2−+) | D* 2(2460)± |
1⁄2(2+) | χ b0(2P) |
0+(0++) | ||||
D(2550)0 | 1⁄2(0−) | χ b1(2P) |
0+(1++) | ||||||
D(2600) | 1⁄2(??) | h b(2P) |
??(1+−) | ||||||
D* (2640)± |
1⁄2(??) | χ b2(2P) |
0+(2++) | ||||||
D(2750) | 1⁄2(??) | Υ(3S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||
χ b(3P) |
??(??+) | ||||||||
Υ(4S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||||
X(10610)± | 1+(1+) | ||||||||
X(10610)0 | 1+(1+) | ||||||||
X(10650)± | ?+(1+) | ||||||||
Υ(10860) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||||
Υ(11020) | 0−(1−−) |
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑引用
编辑- ^ J.J. Aubert et al. (1974)
- ^ J.E. Augustin et al. (1974)
- ^ S.W. Herb et al. (1977)
- ^ C. Amsler et al. (2008): Charmonium States (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20180712173331/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-pi-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
π±
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220020048/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-pi-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
π0
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220020122/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
η
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220020208/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-prime-958.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
η′
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170201190424/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
η
c] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220023030/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-b-1S.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
η
b] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021617/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
K±
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021624/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
K0
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021628/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero-S.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
K0
S] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ 14.0 14.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021632/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero-L.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
K0
L] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021858/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D±
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021930/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D0
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022101/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D±
s] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170706040721/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B±
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022323/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B0
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022423/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B0
s] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022519/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B±
c] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ 22.0 22.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220020142/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-rho-770.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
ρ
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20180518025605/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-omega-782.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
ω
(782)] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220020251/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-phi-1020.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
φ
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Particle listings – J/Ψ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220023039/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-upsilon-1S.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
ϒ
(1S)] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ 27.0 27.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021642/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
K∗
(892)] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021945/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-star-2010-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D∗±
(2010)] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220021943/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-star-2007-zero.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D∗0
(2007)] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022104/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-star-plus-minus.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
D∗±
s] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ 31.0 31.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022410/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-star.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B∗
] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): ([//web.archive.org/web/20170220022435/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-star.pdf 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Particle listings –
B∗
s] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - ^ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Meson Summary Table (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
来源
编辑- K.A. Olive; et al. Review of Particle Physics. Chinese Physics C. 2014, 38 (9): 090001. 已忽略未知参数
|collaboration=
(帮助) - M.S. Sozzi. Parity. Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory. Oxford University Press. 2008a: 15–87. ISBN 0-19-929666-9.
- M.S. Sozzi. Charge Conjugation. Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory. Oxford University Press. 2008a: 88–120. ISBN 0-19-929666-9.
- M.S. Sozzi. CP-Symmetry. Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory. Oxford University Press. 2008c: 231–275. ISBN 0-19-929666-9.
- C. Amsler; et al. Review of Particle Physics. Physics Letters B. 2008, 667 (1): 1–1340. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. 已忽略未知参数
|collaboration=
(帮助) - S.S.M. Wong. Nucleon Structure. Introductory Nuclear Physics 2nd. John Wiley & Sons. 1998: 21–56. ISBN 0-471-23973-9.
- R. Shankar. Principles of Quantum Mechanics 2nd. Plenum Press. 1994. ISBN 0-306-44790-8.
- K. Gottfried, V.F. Weisskopf. Hadronic Spectroscopy: G-parity. Concepts of Particle Physics 2. Oxford University Press. 1986: 303–311. ISBN 0-19-503393-0.
- J.W. Cronin. CP Symmetry Violation – The Search for its origin (PDF). Nobel Lecture. The Nobel Foundation. 1980 [2019-03-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-10).
- V.L. Fitch. The Discovery of Charge – Conjugation Parity Asymmetry (PDF). Nobel Lecture. The Nobel Foundation. 1980 [2019-03-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09).
- S.W. Herb; et al. Observation of a Dimuon Resonance at 9.5 Gev in 400-GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions. Physical Review Letters. 1977, 39 (5): 252–255. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..252H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252.
- J.J. Aubert; et al. Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J. Physical Review Letters. 1974, 33 (23): 1404–1406. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404.
- J.E. Augustin; et al. Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation. Physical Review Letters. 1974, 33 (23): 1406–1408. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406.
- M. Gell-Mann. A Schematic of Baryons and Mesons. Physics Letters. 1964, 8 (3): 214–215. Bibcode:1964PhL.....8..214G. doi:10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3.
- E. Wigner. On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei. Physical Review. 1937, 51 (2): 106–119. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..106W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.106.
- W. Heisenberg. Über den Bau der Atomkerne I. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1932, 77 (1–2): 1–11. Bibcode:1932ZPhy...77....1H. doi:10.1007/BF01342433 (德语).
- W. Heisenberg. Über den Bau der Atomkerne II. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1932, 78 (3–4): 156–164. Bibcode:1932ZPhy...78..156H. doi:10.1007/BF01337585 (德语).
- W. Heisenberg. Über den Bau der Atomkerne III. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1932, 80 (9–10): 587–596. Bibcode:1933ZPhy...80..587H. doi:10.1007/BF01335696 (德语).
外部链接
编辑- Particle Data Group – The Review of Particle Physics (2008)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Mesons made thinkable(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), an interactive visualisation allowing physical properties to be compared