俾路支解放军
俾路支解放军 | |
---|---|
بلوچستان لبریشن آرمی | |
领导人 | |
成立时间 | 2000[7] |
总部 | 阿富汗坎达哈(2021年前)[8] |
活跃地区 | 巴基斯坦 (俾路支省和信德省) 阿富汗[2][9] |
意识形态 | 俾路支民族主义 |
状态 | 活跃 |
人数 | 500-2,000 (2020)[10] |
盟友 | 俾路支解放阵线 俾路支共和军 拉什卡-俾路支 俾路支联合解放阵线 俾路支学生组织 |
对手 | 巴基斯坦[11] 中国[11] |
战役、战争 | 俾路支斯坦冲突 |
被以下 认定为恐怖组织 | 巴基斯坦 美国 英国 欧洲联盟 中国 |
俾路支解放军被巴基斯坦、英国[18][19][20]、欧盟、美国和中国等国认定为恐怖组织[21][22][23][24]。印度被巴基斯坦指控支持该组织[25]。
外国支援
编辑目前的俾路支解放军成立于2000年,但其源头可以追述到1964年冷战期间苏联克格勃利用当地左翼学生运动成立的俾路支民族主义组织[7]。21世纪初,巴基斯坦指控俾路支解放军为印度所操控,且印度于阿富汗坎达哈与贾拉拉巴德等地的领事馆为其提供军事、经济资助和武装训练,目的为造成巴基斯坦动荡[26][27]。有一些观察家也认为印度暗中支持俾路支解放军[28],但俾路支解放军的领导人否认其组织与印度有任何关联[29]。
一则维基解密泄漏的电报显示巴基斯坦议员认为印度、阿拉伯联合酋长国与俄罗斯政府均暗中援助、支持俾路支解放军[30]。另一则维基解密泄露文件显示巴基斯坦参议院内政部长 Rehman Malik 发表了有争议的言论,称印度、阿富汗和俄罗斯支持俾路支解放军 (BLA) 煽动该省的叛乱[31]。2023年12月27日,据巴基斯坦《观察家报》报道有俾路支解放军指挥官投降称当地抗争有印度幕后参与[32]。
主要攻击
编辑对武装分子的清剿行动
编辑巴基斯坦和伊朗在俾路支地区均面临着分离主义武装分子的袭击,且双方互相指责对方境内包庇敌对武装分子。巴基斯坦政府认为伊朗境内有俾路支解放军的活动,而伊朗则认为正义军在巴基斯坦境内活动。[33]
2024年巴基斯坦空袭伊朗境内俾路支目标
编辑参考资料
编辑- ^ Cyril Almeida. All Baloch shouldn't be tarred with same brush. Archives.dawn.com. 25 July 2010 [15 June 2013]. (原始内容存档于2 July 2013).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Baloch Separatist Leader Killed In Kandahar Attack: Reports. TOLOnews. [12 May 2019]. (原始内容存档于13 April 2019).
- ^ 'Mastermind' of Chinese consulate attack killed in Kandahar: BBC. Express Tribune. 26 December 2018 [8 February 2019]. (原始内容存档于27 December 2018).
- ^ Profile: Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti. Al Jazeera. [2006-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-19).
- ^ Pakistan hails US decision to declare Balochistan liberation army as a global terrorist group. Gulf News. 3 July 2019 [3 July 2019]. (原始内容存档于3 July 2019).
- ^ Baloch separatist leader Harbiyar Marri among 13 booked for Chinese consulate attack. Dawn News. 24 November 2018 [28 November 2018]. (原始内容存档于28 November 2018).
Police officials suspected Harbiyar Marri, the exiled leader of the banned Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), of being the mastermind of the deadly assault that left two policemen and as many civilians dead.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Bhattacherjee, Kallol. Explained: The Baloch Liberation Army. The Hindu. 3 July 2019 [26 September 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X. (原始内容存档于2019-09-14) (英语).
- ^ Balochistan Liberation Army. Violent Extremism Knowledge Base. Institute for the Study of Violent Groups. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-02).
- ^ Shah, Taimoor; Mashal, Mujib; ur-Rehman, Zia. Suicide Bombing Kills Pakistani Insurgent Wanted for Attack on Chinese. The New York Times. 27 December 2018 [12 May 2019]. (原始内容存档于28 December 2018).
- ^ University, © Stanford; Complaints, California 94305 Copyright. MMP: Balochistan Liberation Army. cisac.fsi.stanford.edu. [7 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于5 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Diplomat, Kiyya Baloch, The. Chinese Operations in Balochistan Again Targeted by Militants. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-19).
- ^ Raza, Irfan. BLA declared terrorist organisation, banned. Dawn. 2006-04-10 [2006-04-10]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-04).
- ^ Iaccino, Ludovica. Balochistan: Baloch leader calls citizens 'most oppressed in world', urges halt to aid to Pakistan. International Business Times UK. 2015-06-29 [2016-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-02).
- ^ Pakistan stands exposed. Even UN recorded its brutalities in Balochistan. dailyo.in. [2016-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-02).
- ^ Writer, Malik Siraj Akbar Contributing. The End of Pakistan's Baloch Insurgency?. The Huffington Post. 2014-11-03 [2016-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-12).
- ^ Cassman, Daniel. Balochistan Liberation Army | Mapping Militant Organizations. web.stanford.edu. [2016-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-19).
- ^ Butt, Qaiser. Heritage under attack: PkMAP says it views Ziarat Residency as a ‘symbol of slavery’ – The Express Tribune. Tribune.com.pk. 2013-06-17 [2013-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11).
- ^ Office, Home. PROSCRIBED TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS (PDF). Home Office. 2016-07-15: 9 [2016-07-16]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-12-13).
- ^ List of banned organisations in Pakistan. Tribune.com.pk. [2014-10-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-26).
- ^ Terrorist Organization Profile - START - National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. Start.umd.edu. [2013-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-23) (英语).
- ^ Ricks, Thomas E. Balochistan is seething, and that can't make China happy about investing. Foregin Policy. [2019-05-12]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-20).
- ^ Pakistan hails US decision to declare Balochistan Liberation Army as a global terrorist group. Gulf Times. 2019-07-03 [2019-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-03).
- ^ Terrorist Designations of Balochistan Liberation Army and Husain Ali Hazzima and Amendments to the Terrorist Designations of Jundallah. United States Department of State. 2019-07-02 [2021-08-20] (美国英语).
- ^ 巴基斯坦欢迎美国将“俾路支解放军”列为恐怖组织 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),新华网。
- ^ 印度被指参与巴基斯坦俾路支省恐怖活动 中方:反对反恐问题上搞双重标准. 无线新闻. [2023-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-28).
- ^ MPs told Russia, India and UAE involved in Baloch insurgency - The Express Tribune. 2010-12-03 [2018-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-22).
- ^ 'RAW Is Training 600 Balochis In Afghanistan'. outlookindia.com. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-13).
- ^ David Wright-Neville. Dictionary of Terrorism 1st. Polity. 2010-05-11: 48–49 [2012-06-03]. ISBN 978-0745643021. (原始内容存档于2019-09-13).
- ^ Marri, Hyrbyair. Will never seek help from India: Hyrbyair Marri. Dawn. 2015 [2016-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-23).
- ^ MPs told Russia, India and UAE involved in Baloch insurgency. The Express Tribune. 2010-12-03 [2014-12-23]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-22).
- ^ wikileaks. Balochistan - What May Be Behind the Current Unrest and Possible Implications for Usg Shipments. MARR - Military and Defense Affairs--Military and Defense Arrangements. 2009-04-27.
- ^ Barrister Umair Rehman. India’s State-sponsored terrorism & racial oppression. Pakistan Observer. [2024-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-29).
- ^ Zia Ur Rehman. The Baluch insurgency: linking Iran to Pakistan (PDF). NOREF. May 2014 [2024-04-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-25).
- ^ 联合早报, 联合早报. 以哈衝突外溢持續 巴基斯坦空襲伊朗境內恐怖組織. 2024-01-18 [2024-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-29).