毕宿四
毕宿四,即金牛座γ(γ Tau,γ Tauri)是一颗位于金牛座的恒星,它是离太阳系最近的疏散星团——毕宿星团的成员之一。它和毕宿星团的其他亮星以及附近的毕宿五一起组成金牛座的头部。
观测资料 历元 J2000 | |
---|---|
星座 | 金牛座 |
星官 | 毕宿 毕 |
赤经 | 04h 19m 47.6037s[1] |
赤纬 | +15° 37′ 39.512″[1] |
视星等(V) | 3.654[2] |
特性 | |
光谱分类 | G8III[3] |
U−B 色指数 | +0.84[4] |
B−V 色指数 | +0.99[4] |
天体测定 | |
径向速度 (Rv) | 38.7 ± 0.9[5] km/s |
自行 (μ) | 赤经:115.29[1] mas/yr 赤纬:-23.86[1] mas/yr |
视差 (π) | 21.17 ± 1.17[1] mas |
距离 | 154 ± 9 ly (47 ± 3 pc) |
绝对星等 (MV) | 0.22[3] |
详细资料 | |
质量 | 2.70 ± 0.13[6] M☉ |
半径 | 13.4 ± 0.2[7] R☉ |
表面重力 (log g) | 2.58-2.61[7] |
亮度 | 85[3] L☉ |
温度 | 4,844 ± 47[7] K |
金属量 | [8] |
自转速度 (v sin i) | 4[9] km/s |
年龄 | 4.3–5.3 × 108[3][6] 年 |
其他命名 | |
特征
编辑毕宿四是一颗G8型或K0型巨星[2][3],视星等为+3.65。它距离毕宿星团的中心仅有2.5秒差距。这颗恒星已经度过主序星阶段,现在膨胀成为红巨星,核心使用氦核聚变来提供能量[11]。它的年龄估计介于4.3亿年[3]至5.3亿年[6]之间。相对的,毕宿星团的年龄约为6.25亿年,存在0.5亿年的误差[12]。
天文学家对毕宿四的视差测量为21.17±1.17角分,据此计算出它距离地球约154光年(47秒差距)。毕宿四的角直径已经为威尔逊山天文台的高分辨率天文中心(CHARA array)所测量,它的精度为+/- 2%。通过对毕宿四周边昏暗效应的校正,计算出恒星的半径约是太阳半径的13.4倍[7]。毕宿四的光度是太阳光度的85倍[3],质量是太阳质量的2.7倍[6],表面温度约为4970K。
命名
编辑在中国古代星官系统中,毕宿四属于西方白虎七宿中毕宿第四星,这也是毕宿四名字的来由[13][14]。
参考资料
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Perryman, M. A. C.; et al, The Hipparcos Catalogue, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 1997, 323: L49–L52, Bibcode:1997A&A...323L..49P
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NSV 1553 - Variable Star. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2009-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Takeda, Yoichi; Sato, Bun'ei; Murata, Daisuke. Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. August 2008, 60 (4): 781–802. Bibcode:2008PASJ...60..781T.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Johnson, H. L.; Morgan, W. W. Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas. Astrophysical Journal. 1953, 117: 313–352. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697.
- ^ Evans, D. S. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities. Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编). Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30. University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union. June 20–24, 1966 [2009-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-26).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 da Silva, L.; et al. Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2006, 458 (2): 609–623. Bibcode:2006A&A...458..609D. arXiv:astro-ph/0608160 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065105.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Boyajian, Tabetha S.; et al. Angular Diameters of the Hyades Giants Measured with the CHARA Array. The Astrophysical Journal. February 2009, 691 (2): 1243–1247. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691.1243B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1243.
- ^ Soubiran, C.; Bienaymé, O.; Mishenina, T. V.; Kovtyukh, V. V. Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants. Astronomy and Astrophysics. March 2008, 480 (1): 91–101. Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788.
- ^ Bernacca, P. L.; Perinotto, M. A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities. Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago. 1970, 239 (1). Bibcode:1970CoAsi.239....1B.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Allen, R. H. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint. New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc. 1963: 390. ISBN 0486210790.
- ^ de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Hoogerwerf, R.; de Zeeuw, P. T. A Hipparcos study of the Hyades open cluster. Improved colour-absolute magnitude and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams. Astronomy and Astrophysics. February 2001, 367 (1): 111–147. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..111D. arXiv:astro-ph/0011565 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000410.
- ^ da Silva, L.; et al. Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2006, 458 (2): 609–623. Bibcode:2006A&A...458..609D. arXiv:astro-ph/0608160 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065105.
- ^ 香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2010-08-11., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
- ^ 中国星座神话, written by 陈久金. Published by 台湾书房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 9789867332257.