狄多

狄多（古希腊语：Διδώ Dīdō，拉丁语：Dido）据古希腊和古罗马史料记载，曾是古迦太基女王，迦太基城的建立者。最使她出名的当属古罗马诗人维吉尔在《埃涅阿斯纪》中的记载。埃涅阿斯与狄多相爱，但因为要去建立未来的罗马，不得不离开迦太基，狄多心碎自杀。不过根据记载埃涅阿斯与狄多相差一百年之久，因此不可能相遇。

早期记载

《埃涅阿斯纪》第六卷，狄多之死。出自梵蒂冈的维吉尔（Vatican Library, Cod. Vat. lat. 3225）。

阿庇安《罗马史》、维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》传说从泰尔逃亡的狄多公主以用牛皮量地方式骗得北非突尼斯土地，建立希腊文为牛皮之意的毕尔莎（βύρσα）。

另见

《埃涅阿斯纪》

注释

部分参考文献

H. Akbar Khan, "Doctissima Dido": Etymology, Hospitality and the Construction of a Civilized Identity, 2002.
Elmer Bagby Atwood, Two Alterations of Virgil in Chaucer’s Dido, 1938.
S. Conte, Dido sine veste, 2005.
R. S. Conway, The Place of Dido in History, 1920.
F. Della Corte, La Iuno-Astarte virgiliana, 1983.
G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, 1916.
R.J. Edgeworth, "The Death of Dido." The Classical Journal 72.2 (1977) 129-33.
M. Fantar, Carthage, la prestigieuse cité d'Elissa, 1970.
L. Foucher, Les Phéniciens à Carthage ou la geste d'Elissa, 1978.
Michael Grant, Roman Myths, 1973.
M. Gras/P. Rouillard/J. Teixidor, L'univers phénicien, 1995.
H.D. Gray, Did Shakespeare write a tragedy of Dido?, 1920.
G. Herm, Die Phönizier, 1974.
T. Kailuweit, Dido – Didon – Didone. Eine kommentierte Bibliographie zum Dido-Mythos in Literatur und Musik, 2005.
R.C. Ketterer, The perils of Dido: sorcery and melodrama in Vergil’s Aeneid IV and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, 1992.
R.H. Klausen, Aeneas und die Penaten, 1839.
G. Kowalski, De Didone graeca et latina, 1929.
F.N. Lees，《迦太基女王狄多和<暴风雨>》（Dido Queen of Carthage and The Tempest），1964年。
J.-Y. Maleuvre, Contre-Enquête sur la mort de Didon, 2003.
J.-Y. Maleuvre, La mort de Virgile d’après Horace et Ovide, 1993;
L. Mangiacapre, Didone non è morta, 1990.
P.E. McLane，《女王之死：斯宾塞的伊丽莎白女王——狄多》（The Death of a Queen: Spencer's Dido as Elizabeth），1954年。
O. Meltzer, Geschichte der Karthager, 1879.
A. Michel, Virgile et la politique impériale: un courtisan ou un philosophe?, 1971.
R.C. Monti, The Dido Episode and the Aeneid: Roman Social and Political Values in the Epic, 1981.
S. Moscati, Chi furono i Fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo, 1992.
R. Neuse, Book VI as Conclusion to The Faerie Queene, 1968.
A. Parry, The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid, 1963.
G.K. Paster, Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: “How Came That Widow In?, 1984.
B. Schmitz, Ovide, In Ibin: un oiseau impérial, 2004;
E. Stampini, Alcune osservazioni sulla leggenda di Enea e Didone nella letteratura romana, 1893.

主要资料来源

Virgil, Aeneid i.338–368
Justinus, Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi xviii.4.1–6, 8

外部链接

Selected English texts (Alternate links found in Wikipedia entries for the respective authors.)
- Forum Romanum: Justin 18.3f （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Contains Justin (18.3–6) relating the early story of Elissa in full.)
- Translation of Virgil's works including the Aeneid by A. S. Kline (See also Virgil and Aeneid.)
- Ovid's imagined letter from Dido to Aeneas, trans. Miceal F. Vaughan (See also Ovid.)
- Appian, The Punic Wars, chapter 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (See also Appian.)
- Dido, Queen of Carthage （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, original text, modernization, and discussion of Chaucer's Legend of Dido
- The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage, by Christopher Marlowe (and Thomas Nashe?). (See also Christopher Marlowe.)
Commentary
- Greek Mythology Link: Dido
- Queen Dido: Didone Liberata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Mostly about a new four-act play by Salvatore Conte; it contains also a confutation of the well-known suicide into a subjective vision of Aeneas and his "comites" – 4.664, followed by Dido's catabasis)

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