狄多

狄多（古希臘語：Διδώ Dīdō，拉丁語：Dido）據古希臘和古羅馬史料記載，曾是古迦太基女王，迦太基城的建立者。最使她出名的當屬古羅馬詩人維吉爾在《埃涅阿斯紀》中的記載。埃涅阿斯與狄多相愛，但因為要去建立未來的羅馬，不得不離開迦太基，狄多心碎自殺。不過根據記載埃涅阿斯與狄多相差一百年之久，因此不可能相遇。

埃涅阿斯向狄多講述特洛伊戰爭，皮耶爾—納西斯·蓋蘭的一幅畫。這一幕取自維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》。

早期記載

《埃涅阿斯紀》第六卷，狄多之死。出自梵蒂岡的維吉爾（Vatican Library, Cod. Vat. lat. 3225）。

阿庇安《羅馬史》、維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》傳說從泰爾逃亡的狄多公主以用牛皮量地方式騙得北非突尼斯土地，建立希臘文為牛皮之意的畢爾莎（βύρσα）。

另見

• 《埃涅阿斯紀》

部分參考文獻

• H. Akbar Khan, "Doctissima Dido": Etymology, Hospitality and the Construction of a Civilized Identity, 2002.
• Elmer Bagby Atwood, Two Alterations of Virgil in Chaucer’s Dido, 1938.
• S. Conte, Dido sine veste, 2005.
• R. S. Conway, The Place of Dido in History, 1920.
• F. Della Corte, La Iuno-Astarte virgiliana, 1983.
• G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, 1916.
• R.J. Edgeworth, "The Death of Dido." The Classical Journal 72.2 (1977) 129-33.
• M. Fantar, Carthage, la prestigieuse cité d'Elissa, 1970.
• L. Foucher, Les Phéniciens à Carthage ou la geste d'Elissa, 1978.
• Michael Grant, Roman Myths, 1973.
• M. Gras/P. Rouillard/J. Teixidor, L'univers phénicien, 1995.
• H.D. Gray, Did Shakespeare write a tragedy of Dido?, 1920.
• G. Herm, Die Phönizier, 1974.
• T. Kailuweit, Dido – Didon – Didone. Eine kommentierte Bibliographie zum Dido-Mythos in Literatur und Musik, 2005.
• R.C. Ketterer, The perils of Dido: sorcery and melodrama in Vergil’s Aeneid IV and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, 1992.
• R.H. Klausen, Aeneas und die Penaten, 1839.
• G. Kowalski, De Didone graeca et latina, 1929.
• F.N. Lees，《迦太基女王狄多和<暴風雨>》（Dido Queen of Carthage and The Tempest），1964年。
• J.-Y. Maleuvre, Contre-Enquête sur la mort de Didon, 2003.
• J.-Y. Maleuvre, La mort de Virgile d』après Horace et Ovide, 1993;
• L. Mangiacapre, Didone non è morta, 1990.
• P.E. McLane，《女王之死：斯賓塞的伊麗莎白女王——狄多》（The Death of a Queen: Spencer's Dido as Elizabeth），1954年。
• O. Meltzer, Geschichte der Karthager, 1879.
• A. Michel, Virgile et la politique impériale: un courtisan ou un philosophe?, 1971.
• R.C. Monti, The Dido Episode and the Aeneid: Roman Social and Political Values in the Epic, 1981.
• S. Moscati, Chi furono i Fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo, 1992.
• R. Neuse, Book VI as Conclusion to The Faerie Queene, 1968.
• A. Parry, The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid, 1963.
• G.K. Paster, Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: 「How Came That Widow In?, 1984.
• B. Schmitz, Ovide, In Ibin: un oiseau impérial, 2004;
• E. Stampini, Alcune osservazioni sulla leggenda di Enea e Didone nella letteratura romana, 1893.

主要資料來源

• Virgil, Aeneid i.338–368
• Justinus, Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi xviii.4.1–6, 8

外部連結

• Selected English texts (Alternate links found in Wikipedia entries for the respective authors.)
  • Forum Romanum: Justin 18.3f （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Contains Justin (18.3–6) relating the early story of Elissa in full.)
  • Translation of Virgil's works including the Aeneid by A. S. Kline (See also Virgil and Aeneid.)
  • Ovid's imagined letter from Dido to Aeneas, trans. Miceal F. Vaughan (See also Ovid.)
  • Appian, The Punic Wars, chapter 1 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (See also Appian.)
  • Dido, Queen of Carthage （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, original text, modernization, and discussion of Chaucer's Legend of Dido
  • The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage, by Christopher Marlowe (and Thomas Nashe?). (See also Christopher Marlowe.)
• Commentary
  • Greek Mythology Link: Dido
  • Queen Dido: Didone Liberata （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Mostly about a new four-act play by Salvatore Conte; it contains also a confutation of the well-known suicide into a subjective vision of Aeneas and his "comites" – 4.664, followed by Dido's catabasis)