盖层

盖层（英语：caprock）是指位于石油储层之上能够封隔油气向上逸散的保护层。盖层的好坏直接影响石油储层中的聚集和保存^[1]。常见的盖层有泥岩、页岩、蒸发岩（石膏、盐岩）和质密灰岩。盖层之所以能封盖油层，是因为盖层具有较低渗透率和高的排替压力（英语：displacement pressure）^[2]。盖层空隙中多含水，油气要通过其运移，必须首先排替其中的水；如果驱使石油运移的浮力未达到进入盖层所需的排替压力值，则石油就被封闭于盖层之下，即所谓的毛细管封闭（英语：capillary seal）^[3]。

参见

石油储层
毛细管封闭（英语：capillary seal）

参考文献

^ Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS
^ P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48
^ N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

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[”Bazali”-1] Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS

[”Boulin”-2] P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48

[”Shojai”-3] N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

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