蓋層

蓋層（英語：caprock）是指位於石油儲層之上能夠封隔油氣向上逸散的保護層。蓋層的好壞直接影響石油儲層中的聚集和保存^[1]。常見的蓋層有泥岩、頁岩、蒸發岩（石膏、鹽岩）和質密灰岩。蓋層之所以能封蓋油層，是因為蓋層具有較低滲透率和高的排替壓力（英語：displacement pressure）^[2]。蓋層空隙中多含水，油氣要通過其運移，必須首先排替其中的水；如果驅使石油運移的浮力未達到進入蓋層所需的排替壓力值，則石油就被封閉於蓋層之下，即所謂的毛細管封閉（英語：capillary seal）^[3]。

參見

石油儲層
毛細管封閉（英語：capillary seal）

參考文獻

^ Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS
^ P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48
^ N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

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[”Bazali”-1] Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS

[”Boulin”-2] P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48

[”Shojai”-3] N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

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