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The Honourable Erin O'Toole PC CD | |
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![]() O'Toole in 2021 | |
Leader of the Opposition | |
任期 August 24, 2020—February 2, 2022 | |
君主 | |
首相 | Justin Trudeau |
副职 | Candice Bergen |
前任 | Andrew Scheer |
继任 | Candice Bergen |
Leader of the Conservative Party | |
任期 August 24, 2020—February 2, 2022 | |
副职 | Candice Bergen |
前任 | Andrew Scheer |
继任 | Candice Bergen (interim) |
Minister of Veterans Affairs | |
任期 January 5, 2015—November 4, 2015 | |
总理 | Stephen Harper |
前任 | Julian Fantino |
继任 | Kent Hehr |
Canadian Durham选区 | |
任期 November 26, 2012—August 1, 2023[1] | |
前任 | Bev Oda |
继任 | Jamil Jivani |
Shadow cabinet posts | |
个人资料 | |
出生 | Erin Michael O'Toole 1973年1月22日 Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
政党 | Conservative |
配偶 | Rebecca Grant(2000年结婚) |
儿女 | 2 |
母校 | |
专业 |
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网站 | erinotoole |
军事背景 | |
服役 | Air Command |
服役时间 |
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军衔 | Captain |
部队 | 423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron |
军事奖励 | Canadian Forces' Decoration Sikorsky Helicopter Rescue Award |
艾林·米高·奥图尔 PC CD(Erin Michael O'Toole,1973年1月22日—),,加拿大华文媒体译为奥图尔,加拿大政治人物。 is a former Canadian politician who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Durham from 2012 to 2023. A member of the Conservative Party, O'Toole served as the party's leader and the leader of the Official Opposition from 2020 to 2022.
Born in Montreal, O'Toole grew up in Port Perry and Bowmanville. He joined the Canadian Forces in 1991 and studied at the Royal Military College (RMC) until 1995. He was commissioned in Air Command,[注 1] serving as an air navigator, eventually attaining the rank of captain. Following his active service, he received a law degree, practicing law for nearly a decade until he was elected to the House of Commons in a 2012 by-election. In 2015, O'Toole briefly served as veterans affairs minister in the Harper government. In 2017, he ran for the party's leadership, finishing third to winner Andrew Scheer.
After Scheer resigned as leader in late 2019, O'Toole ran a successful leadership campaign, defeating former cabinet minister Peter MacKay in the 2020 leadership election. After he assumed the leadership, O'Toole marketed his party to working-class Canadians. O'Toole lost the 2021 federal election while receiving a plurality of the popular vote, and also won re-election in his home riding of Durham. O'Toole stated he would stay on as party leader, but on February 2, 2022, he was ousted after losing a leadership review from sitting Conservative Party MPs.
O'Toole has been described as a moderate member of his party. On domestic policy issues, O'Toole supports gradually eliminating the federal deficit, simplifying federal taxes, a low carbon savings account, and pipeline construction. On foreign policy issues, O'Toole supports a CANZUK agreement and a hard-line approach to the Chinese government, considering it to be a bad actor on the international stage. O'Toole's voting record on social issues has been mainly characterized as socially progressive.
Early life and career
编辑O'Toole was born in Montreal, Quebec, on January 22, 1973, the son of Mollie (本姓 Hall) and John O'Toole, who served as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Durham in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario between 1995 and 2014.[2][3][4] His father is of Irish descent. His mother was born in London, England, and came to Canada after World War II.[5][6] Following his mother's death when he was nine years old, his family moved to Port Perry, Ontario, where he attended elementary school. O'Toole and his family later moved to Bowmanville, Ontario, where he graduated from Bowmanville High School.[7]
In 1991, O'Toole joined the military, enrolling at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. He graduated with an honours Bachelor of Arts degree in history and political science in 1995.[8][9][10]
Military career
编辑Following his graduation, O'Toole was commissioned as an officer in the Canadian Forces Air Command.[8] He was first posted to Trenton, Ontario, where he was involved in search and rescue operations. O'Toole also spent time at 17 Wing in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he completed his training as an air navigator.[8]
In 1997, O'Toole was posted to 12 Wing in Shearwater, Nova Scotia. While serving at this post, O'Toole flew as a tactical navigator on a CH-124 (Sea King) helicopter with 423 Squadron, conducted maritime surveillance, and performed search and rescue and naval support operations.[8] While serving at 12 Wing, O'Toole was promoted to the rank of captain and was awarded the Sikorsky Helicopter Rescue Award for rescuing an injured fisherman at sea.[7]
In 2000, O'Toole completed his active service in the military.[8] He transferred to the reserves, working as a training officer running flight simulators, while he pursued a law degree.[7] He received the Canadian Forces' Decoration for 12 years of service to Canada.[7]
Legal career
编辑O'Toole graduated from the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University with a law degree in 2003.[11] He returned to Ontario where he articled at, and later became a lawyer with, Stikeman Elliott, a business law firm in Toronto.[12] During this time, O'Toole primarily practised in the areas of product liability, insolvency, competition and general commercial law.[13][14] Between 2006 and 2011, O'Toole served as Canadian in-house counsel for Procter & Gamble.[5] He acted as corporate counsel for Gillette, provided commercial and regulatory law advice, was counsel on issues relating to legislation, and investigated counterfeiting operations.[14][15] In 2011, O'Toole joined the law firm Heenan Blaikie,[16][17] where he was a registered lobbyist for Facebook, Inc.[18]
Political career
编辑Early political career
编辑In May 2012, O'Toole announced his plans to run as the Conservative candidate in the by-election for Durham, following Bev Oda's resignation,[19] winning the seat on November 26, 2012.[20] In September 2013, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named O'Toole the parliamentary secretary to the minister of international trade, Ed Fast.[21]
In 2014, O'Toole partnered with Senator Roméo Dallaire to host the first Samuel Sharpe Memorial Breakfast, in honour of former soldier and MP Samuel Simpson Sharpe. Sharpe committed suicide in 1918 following his return home from World War I. O'Toole and Dallaire started the memorial breakfast to bring issues of veterans' mental health to the forefront and to improve access to treatment and resources for soldiers suffering from operational stress injuries.[22] In May 2018, O'Toole introduced a motion to install a plaque commemorating Sharpe on Parliament Hill, which passed unanimously.[23]
On January 5, 2015, Harper appointed O'Toole as minister of veterans affairs, replacing Julian Fantino.[24][25] O'Toole prioritized repairing relations with veterans and addressing the complaints Canadian veterans had with Fantino.[26] During his time as veterans affairs minister, he convinced veterans who had sued the Canadian government to place a halt on their lawsuit while they entered into settlement negotiations.[27] In the lawsuit, filed before O'Toole was named minister, the Canadian soldiers argued that the 2006 overhaul of veteran benefits was discriminatory.[27]
In the 2015 election, O'Toole was re-elected as MP for Durham, receiving 45 per cent of the vote, followed by Liberal candidate Corinna Traill with 36 per cent.[28]
2017 Conservative leadership campaign
编辑Stephen Harper resigned as Conservative party leader after the Liberals won a majority in the 2015 federal election. O'Toole announced that he would seek the interim leadership of the Conservative Party.[29] Rona Ambrose defeated him but named O'Toole the Official Opposition critic for public safety.[30][31]
On October 14, 2016, O'Toole announced his candidacy for the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election.[32] O'Toole ran a positive campaign and avoided personally attacking other candidates during the campaign, arguing that Prime Minister Justin Trudeau does not own optimism.[33][34] He received endorsements from 31 MPs, 12 former MPs, and 17 provincial politicians.[35] O'Toole finished in third place, behind Maxime Bernier and the eventual winner Andrew Scheer.[36]
Foreign affairs critic and second reelection
编辑In 2018, after Patrick Brown resigned over accusations of sexual misconduct, O'Toole considered entering the Ontario Progressive Conservative leadership race.[37] He ultimately passed on the opportunity, instead supporting Christine Elliott.[38] On August 31, 2017, Andrew Scheer appointed O'Toole the official opposition critic for foreign affairs.[39]
As Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was re-elected as prime minister in 2019, O'Toole won re-election in his riding, beating the Liberal candidate by about 10 per cent of the vote.[40]
2020 Conservative leadership campaign
编辑In December 2019, Andrew Scheer announced his resignation as Conservative Party leader after it was revealed that he had used party funds for his children's private schooling.[41][42][43][44] Scheer remained leader until his successor was elected.[45]
O'Toole announced that he would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party in late January 2020.[46] During his campaign, he framed himself as a "true blue" conservative, implying that rivals like Peter MacKay were less conservative.[47] It helped that Pierre Poilievre, who was expected to get support from the right of the party, decided not to run.[48] O'Toole's tone was angrier this time than during his first leadership run, which he stated was due to his increasing worry about the country after five years under a Trudeau government.[49] He believed that his status as an MP would allow him to hold Trudeau accountable as soon as he became leader.[50] During the campaign, O'Toole alleged that MacKay's campaign obtained stolen internal campaign data from him. A former intern at Calgary Centre MP Greg McLean's office later admitted to obtaining the data.[51][52]
O'Toole won the leadership election after three rounds were counted, replacing Andrew Scheer. His victory was attributed partially to his pitch to socially conservative voters including supporters of candidates Derek Sloan and Leslyn Lewis to mark him as their second or third choice.[53][54] He generally performed better in Conservative- and Bloc Québécois-held ridings, in rural areas, and in areas with fewer visible minorities. Despite representing a riding on the eastern edge of the Greater Toronto Area, O'Toole performed poorly there.[55] People's Party leader Maxime Bernier criticized him in remarks dismissed by fellow leadership candidate Sloan, stating that he was not a real conservative.[56]
Leadership of the Conservative Party
编辑Shortly after becoming leader, O'Toole said that triggering a fall election was not his priority and he preferred to focus instead on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and finding jobs for the unemployed.[57][58] He reaffirmed his position in December 2020, stating that an election should not take place until after the pandemic had ended.[59] Still, he said the Conservative Party was prepared for another election if one was called.[58] On September 2, 2020, he announced Candice Bergen would serve as his deputy.[60] O'Toole revealed his Shadow Cabinet the following week, with most roles changing from the previous Scheer-led one.[61]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole criticized the Trudeau government for not approving rapid and at-home testing options, arguing that the economy would be unstable if they or a vaccine were unavailable.[62][63][64] O'Toole has praised Alberta's pandemic response for allowing testing at pharmacies and being less restrictive than other provinces.[65] When distribution of a vaccine was near, he criticized the government for being unable to deliver doses as quickly as other countries like the US and the UK.[62] He called for more transparency regarding the vaccine rollout plan and stated that Canada only focused on preordering vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna after a partnership with a Chinese company failed.[66][67][68]
In response to the WE Charity scandal, O'Toole proposed creating an anti-corruption committee tasked with releasing related details and other possible ethics violations made by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the defeat of the motion after Trudeau declared it a confidence vote, O'Toole proposed that these instead be done by the health committee.[69][70][71][72]
During his leadership, O'Toole worked to attract working-class people to the Conservative Party, noting his experience of watching auto workers lose their jobs in his hometown of Bowmanville, and his support for unions. Despite his support for unions, union leaders were skeptical given his previous parliamentary voting record and his pre-2015 free trade-related work.[73][74] O'Toole also softened his rhetoric, presenting himself as moderate to counter accusations from opponents that he was trying to market to the far-right.[75][76]
Due to his shift from the "true blue" rhetoric of his leadership campaign to a more moderate approach, he has received some criticism from within the party and fears that he may drop certain Conservative priorities such as opposition to the carbon tax.[77][78] O'Toole later acknowledged such party criticism, though he continued said approach, stating the party must have "the courage to change" and attract new voters in order to win against the Liberals.[79][80]
2021 election
编辑Following the start of the 2021 election campaign, O'Toole released a platform with the slogans "Secure the Future"[81] in English and "Agir Pour L'Avenir" (English translation: Act for the Future) in French.[82][83] The opening paragraphs of the 160-page document include a statement that "It's time for Conservatives to take inequality seriously"[84] The Conservatives described their platform as focusing on the economy, jobs, and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.[85] In the final days of the campaign, he attempted to convince People's Party voters that a vote for it would split the vote and allow a Trudeau victory.[86] O'Toole lost the election to Trudeau, who won another minority government, though he won his riding of Durham and a plurality of the popular vote.[87][88] O'Toole stated on election night that he would stay on as leader.[86]
Removal as leader
编辑Shortly after the election, the party became divided on whether or not O'Toole should stay on as leader of the party.[89][90] On November 15, Conservative senator Denise Batters called for a referendum on O'Toole's leadership, saying that O'Toole "flip-flopped on policies core to our party" including a carbon tax, firearm regulations and abortion.[91] Conservative Party president Robert Batherson ruled that a referendum to call a leadership review was "not in order". Two days later, O'Toole responded by removing Denise Batters from the caucus, saying anyone "who's not putting the team and the country first, will not be part of this team."[92]
On January 31, 2022, Conservative Calgary Heritage MP Bob Benzen submitted a letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review on O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, Scott Reid. In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's carbon tax and assault weapons ban.[93] On February 2, 2022, O'Toole was ousted as leader in a vote by Conservative MPs according to the terms of the Reform Act.[94][95] By secret ballot, O'Toole was removed as leader by a margin of 73 votes to 45.[96][97] The vote forced his removal, which took effect immediately.[98]
Leadership review of Erin O'Toole | ||
Confidence | 45 / 119 (38%)
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No confidence | 73 / 119 (61%)
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Post-leadership
编辑In 2022, O'Toole expressed his belief that Chinese interference had played a role in the Conservative Party's loss during the 2021 Canadian federal election in an interview with Liberal MP Nathaniel Erskine-Smith on Smith's UnCommons podcast. O'Toole opined that interference by Chinese Communist Party linked outfits could have cost the Conservatives up to "eight or nine seats."[99] In May 2023, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service informed O'Toole that he remained a target of the Chinese government due to his criticism of the Chinese Communist Party.[100]
On March 31, 2023, O'Toole announced he would not seek re-election and would resign at the end of the parliamentary spring session.[101][102] In his final speech to the House of Commons on June 12, 2023, O'Toole spoke out against political polarization and the influence social media has on it.[103][104] O'Toole was succeeded by Conservative Jamil Jivani in March 2024.[105]
Political positions
编辑O'Toole has been described as tending to be one of the more moderate members of his party.[106] He supports a more moderate Conservative Party and has denounced the far-right, stating that they do not belong in his party.[75]
Domestic policy
编辑O'Toole has stated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government should only spend what is necessary to help Canadians and balance the budget gradually over the next decade.[107] O'Toole is against a national childcare program, saying that he prefers giving families more childcare options rather than one federal one.[107] In his 2021 platform, he proposed to replace the current child care funding with tax credits for parents.[85] He also opposes a national pharmacare program, saying that the government should not replace billions already spent by insurance companies.[107]
He also wants to reduce and simplify taxes, arguing that a complicated tax system benefits the wealthy, who can afford to find loopholes.[108] He supports modifying Canada's equalization and fiscal stabilization systems, which he argues are presently unfair to Alberta.[108][109] O'Toole supports a full review of government spending and a program in which all new spending must be accompanied by an equivalent reduction in spending elsewhere.[108] He has called for an incentive to reduce employment insurance premiums that small and medium-sized businesses pay for new employees.[110]
O'Toole supports reviewing the mandate for the CBC's English digital and television operations, possibly converting it into a PBS-style public interest model to ensure it does not compete with the private sector.[111] He argues the current competition with the private sector hurts other media companies, which is why he believes the $600-million print media bailout package would no longer be needed.[112] He previously supported defunding these, being a major part of his 2020 Conservative leadership platform and popular with Conservative voters.[108][112] He would not modify CBC Radio or its French language operations, stating they maintain their original public interest mandate.[108][112] O'Toole previously supported modernizing the CBC without modifying funding.[33]
To tackle Canada's housing crisis, O'Toole proposes to create one million new homes within three years, including converting at least 15 percent of federal buildings into housing space. He also supports banning foreign investors from buying Canadian homes for at least two years.[113]
A "Canadian values" test, like the one proposed by Kellie Leitch, is not supported by O'Toole. During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole has proposed increased immigration through family reunification to make up for a decreased number of economic immigrants.[114] On illegal immigration, O'Toole supports creating a joint operation with the United States to stop asylum seekers from entering Canada illegally.[115]
During the 2020 leadership election, O'Toole made a platform appealing specifically towards Quebec nationalists.[48] O'Toole supports decentralizing the federal government's power in Quebec, having stated he is open to giving the province increased powers over immigration and opposing federal intervention to stop the Quebec ban on religious symbols, arguing that the independence of Quebec's legislature should be protected.[80][116][117] He believes that large, federally regulated companies should be required to adhere to Quebec's Charter of the French Language.[117]
Indigenous policy
编辑O'Toole opposes the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and said the Supreme Court of Canada has "set a higher bar on the so-called duty to consult."[118] After statues of John A. Macdonald, Canada's first prime minister, were toppled in protests against systemic racism, O'Toole said that it would be "dooming Canada to forget its history" and that he preferred adding plaques to monuments describing a "more balanced look" of Canada's history instead of tearing them down. He had previously opposed the removal of a statue of Macdonald from Victoria's City Hall.[119][120]
In November 2020, O'Toole gave a speech to young Conservative Party members at Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) defending the university's namesake Egerton Ryerson. During the speech, he said the original goal of the Canadian Indian residential school system was "to provide education", but added that it became "a horrible program that really harmed people." In December 2020, he retracted his comments and stated Indigenous reconciliation is a priority for him.[121][122]
Economic policy
编辑During the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Toole released a post-pandemic recovery plan. He promised to launch a royal commission on the issue within 100 days of taking office and said the "big government" strategy failed Canadians. He has proposed converting the existing child care expense deduction to a refundable tax credit.[110] He supported extending Employment Insurance for workers after the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) ran out in summer 2021. O'Toole believes the CERB should have been used more effectively by the government and focused on sectors hit hardest by the pandemic.[107][123] He proposed expanding the emergency loan program for businesses and temporarily amending bankruptcy laws to make company restructuring easier.[57][124]
O'Toole supports unions, calling them "an essential part of the balance between what was good for business and what was good for employees". He believes a lack of unions gives too much power to corporate elites, who he has said would be "too happy to outsource jobs abroad".[125]
After an anti-pipeline movement sparked rail blockades across Canada, O'Toole promised to make it a specific criminal offence to block them as well as entrances to businesses, airports, and seaports, though some opponents believe it unfairly targets them.[123][126] He also plans on introducing a law to ensure free trade between Canada's provinces.[124]
Environmental policy
编辑On carbon pricing, O'Toole would create an alternative system in addition to the current federal carbon tax for consumers which would put a surcharge on carbon into a "low carbon savings account", a tax-free savings account to be used on purchases to make consumers more environmentally friendly. Provincial governments would be allowed to choose between the two systems.[127][128] The surcharge O'Toole proposes is lower than that of the Trudeau government and O'Toole plans to offset that by other measures such as requiring 30 percent of light vehicles to be free of pollutants by 2030.[128]
O'Toole's climate plan proposes to continue taxing industry and does plan to raise the tax on industry as much as Trudeau intends to.[128] He has said climate change is a global problem which requires a global solution.[50] O'Toole has committed to meeting Canada's Paris Agreement targets and has said he will partner with the provinces to do so.[129] He supports net-zero emissions legislation as long as he considers it to "support Canadian industry" and has stated that he would like to partner with and pressure organizations to lower their emissions, including helping oil companies become carbon neutral.[130][131] During his 2021 election campaign, O'Toole stated he would revert to earlier emissions targets, stating Trudeau has no plan to bring emissions down to more recent targets.[132]
O'Toole supports ending Canada's energy imports from outside North America.[123] He supports pipeline construction, arguing they "ignite" Canada's economy, though he has said that the proposed Energy East pipeline will not be constructed. He opposes the Oil Tanker Moratorium Act,[133] the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act.[134][135] He would introduce a National Strategic Pipelines Act to speed up approvals of pipelines deemed to be in Canada's national interest and repeal the related legislation introduced by the Trudeau government.[136][124]
On March 20, 2021, O'Toole attempted to convince members to support a more serious agenda aimed at curbing climate change, saying that he did not want his candidates to be labelled as climate change deniers.[137] Despite this, the party's base rejected a motion adding "we recognize that climate change is real. The Conservative Party is willing to act", with 54% of delegates voting against it.[138]
Social issues
编辑O'Toole's voting record on social issues has been described by The National Post as socially progressive.[106] He is pro-choice on the matter of abortion, opposing legal restrictions on the practice, though he would hold free votes on bills related to abortion and other social issues.[139][140][141] While he supports legislation which would allow health care practitioners to decline to offer treatment inconsistent with their philosophical views such as abortion stating they may be driven out of healthcare otherwise, he clarified that he believes they should be required to refer people to those services.[142][143][144] O'Toole voted against bill C-14, which made euthanasia legal, saying he continued to have concerns about it and would prefer resources be focused on palliative care.[140]
O'Toole supports same-sex marriage and has pledged to walk in pride parades under the condition that uniformed police officers can as well.[108][139] He supports ending restrictions on men who have sex with men donating blood and banning conversion therapy.[143][145][146]
O'Toole initially pledged to repeal all gun law changes made by the Trudeau government, though he later stated that the firearms banned in May 2020 would remain banned. However, the current firearms classification system would undergo public review.[50][147]
Before recreational cannabis use was legalized, O'Toole supported its decriminalization and during his 2017 leadership campaign, he said that Trudeau's plan to legalize it would be impossible to reverse.[148] O'Toole opposes harsh punishments for drug offences, instead supporting treating drug addiction as a health issue rather than a criminal issue. Law enforcement would focus more on traffickers under O'Toole's proposal and he plans on funding drug rehabilitation.[149][150][151] Despite this, he does not support further drug legalization.[149]
Foreign policy
编辑According to political science professor Peter McKenna, O'Toole's foreign policy, especially that towards dictatorships and the United Nations, is similar to that of former prime minister Stephen Harper. He has criticized Liberals for being too friendly with dictatorships and paying too much attention to the UN. McKenna noted that O'Toole wants Canada to advocate for human rights internationally and will remove funding from UN agencies which he believes have failed from a corruption and human rights standpoint.[152] He supports harsher punishments for Canadians participating in human rights abuses and proposes the creation of an international human rights committee.[153]
O'Toole opposes cutting Canada's foreign aid budget though he has said he would look to fund programs leading to measurable outcomes similar to prior Conservative policies.[154] He supports a CANZUK agreement, a political and economic union between Canada, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, stating it will create more jobs for Canadians and help distance Canada from China.[50][155] He supports a "Canada First" strategy to promote domestic production of goods and economic self-sufficiency but says he is not as much of a protectionist as the former US president, Donald Trump.[129] He supports meeting Canada's NATO commitments.[156] On Israel, he supports recognition of Jerusalem as the country's capital and plans to move Canada's Israeli embassy there from Tel Aviv.[152]
China
编辑O'Toole has spoken out against the Chinese government, singling it out as a bad actor on the international stage.[157][158] He says there is a "growing influence of Chinese agents" in Canada meant to push Chinese propaganda and to intimidate Canadians. He supports passing a law similar to the Australian foreign interference law.[159][160] He has proposed tightening up foreign investment groups to deter state-owned companies from non-free countries from buying Canadian resources and companies unless there is a compelling reason to approve.[110] He supports a tougher stance on China and imposing sanctions on Chinese Communist Party officials involved with human rights violations using provisions of the Sergei Magnitsky Law.[58][129] He opposes China's treatment of Uyghurs, saying that the 2022 Winter Olympics should be relocated from Beijing owing to concerns that the Chinese government is committing genocide against Uyghurs.[161][162] He has come out in support of the Trump administration's hard-line approach to China.[58][129]
O'Toole supports banning Huawei from Canada's 5G networks, stating China controls the company and has stolen technology from Nortel, a defunct Canadian company.[163] He would give other providers tax credits to replace their infrastructure and apply pressure to other countries to stop allowing Chinese state-owned companies from accessing their markets and has called on the Trudeau government to expedite entry of political refugees fleeing Hong Kong.[123][124][164]
Because of Canada's issues with the Chinese government, O'Toole seeks to improve relations with Taiwan and put "caveats" on the One-China policy.[165] After Chinese Ambassador Cong Peiwu made remarks against Canada granting political asylum to pro-democracy protestors in Hong Kong, O'Toole said that it was a threat on Canadians and that he should be removed if he does not apologize for them.[164]
Personal life
编辑O'Toole met his wife Rebecca in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1998, and they married in 2000.[166] He has a daughter and a son.[167][168] O'Toole is a Catholic.[169] He founded True Patriot Love, a nonprofit supporting veterans, members of the military, and their families.[7] In September 2020, O'Toole tested positive for COVID-19, after a staffer in his office tested positive.[170] His wife also later tested positive for COVID-19, after initially testing negative.[171] They were in self-isolation until September 30, at which point O'Toole returned to Parliament.[172]
Awards and recognition
编辑In 2012, O'Toole was awarded the Christopher J. Coulter Young Alumnus Award by Dalhousie University, for his achievements and dedication to community service.[173]
Also in 2012, O'Toole received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.[174] All serving MPs that year were recipients.[175]
Electoral record
编辑Template:2021 Canadian federal election/Durham
Candidate | 1st ballot | 2nd ballot | 3rd ballot | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes cast | % | Points allocated | % | Votes cast | % | Points allocated | % | Votes cast | % | Points allocated | % | |
Erin O'Toole | 51,258 | 29.39% | 10,681.40 | 31.60% | 56,907 | 33.20% | 11,903.69 | 35.22% | 90,635 | 58.86% | 19,271.74 | 57.02% |
Peter MacKay | 52,851 | 30.30% | 11,328.55 | 33.52% | 54,165 | 31.60% | 11,756.01 | 34.78% | 63,356 | 41.14% | 14,528.26 | 42.98% |
Leslyn Lewis | 43,017 | 24.67% | 6,925.38 | 20.49% | 60,316 | 35.20% | 10,140.30 | 30.00% | Eliminated | |||
Derek Sloan | 27,278 | 15.64% | 4,864.67 | 14.39% | Eliminated | |||||||
Total | 174,404 | 100% | 33,800 | 100% | 171,388 | 100% | 33,800 | 100% | 153,991 | 100% | 33,800 | 100% |
Template:2019 Canadian federal election/Durham
Candidate | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Round 7 | Round 8 | Round 9 | Round 10 | Round 11 | Round 12 | Round 13 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | Points | % | |
Andrew Scheer | 7,375.79 | 21.82% | 7,383.69 | 21.85% | 7,427.00 | 21.97% | 7,455.34 | 22.06% | 7,492.06 | 22.17% | 7,597.28 | 22.48% | 7,764.64 | 22.97% | 8,061.08 | 23.85% | 8,798.38 | 26.03% | 9,557.67 | 28.28% | 10,235.27 | 30.28% | 12,965.47 | 38.36% | 17,222.20 | 50.95% |
Maxime Bernier | 9,763.32 | 28.89% | 9,823.57 | 29.06% | 9,854.61 | 29.16% | 9,922.23 | 29.36% | 10,114.67 | 29.93% | 10,208.33 | 30.20% | 10,313.15 | 30.51% | 10,557.48 | 31.24% | 10,709.58 | 31.69% | 11,570.59 | 34.23% | 12,360.08 | 36.57% | 13,647.14 | 40.38% | 16,577.80 | 49.05% |
Erin O'Toole | 3,600.72 | 10.65% | 3,609.15 | 10.68% | 3,634.90 | 10.75% | 3,669.07 | 10.86% | 3,708.41 | 10.97% | 3,769.09 | 11.15% | 3,824.62 | 11.32% | 4,181.26 | 12.37% | 4,324.01 | 12.79% | 4,947.86 | 14.64% | 6,372.85 | 18.85% | 7,187.38 | 21.26% | ||
Brad Trost | 2,820.87 | 8.35% | 2,826.57 | 8.36% | 2,829.77 | 8.37% | 2,834.43 | 8.39% | 2,843.35 | 8.41% | 2,852.31 | 8.44% | 2,862.22 | 8.47% | 2,883.76 | 8.53% | 4,340.70 | 12.84% | 4,633.83 | 13.71% | 4,831.80 | 14.30% | ||||
Michael Chong | 2,552.47 | 7.55% | 2,572.68 | 7.61% | 2,583.56 | 7.64% | 2,605.63 | 7.71% | 2,618.63 | 7.75% | 2,666.15 | 7.89% | 2,692.83 | 7.97% | 2,907.60 | 8.60% | 2,939.29 | 8.70% | 3,090.04 | 9.14% | ||||||
Kellie Leitch | 2,366.09 | 7.00% | 2,375.00 | 7.03% | 2,383.03 | 7.05% | 2,398.07 | 7.09% | 2,430.25 | 7.19% | 2,454.84 | 7.26% | 2,516.67 | 7.45% | 2,615.63 | 7.74% | 2,688.03 | 7.95% | ||||||||
Pierre Lemieux | 2,495.71 | 7.38% | 2,498.29 | 7.39% | 2,503.92 | 7.41% | 2,510.33 | 7.43% | 2,518.29 | 7.45% | 2,538.17 | 7.51% | 2,561.77 | 7.58% | 2,593.18 | 7.67% | ||||||||||
Lisa Raitt | 1,127.93 | 3.34% | 1,137.56 | 3.37% | 1,164.85 | 3.45% | 1,188.15 | 3.52% | 1,208.97 | 3.58% | 1,244.56 | 3.68% | 1,264.10 | 3.74% | ||||||||||||
Steven Blaney | 426.37 | 1.26% | 429.13 | 1.27% | 433.00 | 1.28% | 440.71 | 1.30% | 448.37 | 1.33% | 469.25 | 1.39% | ||||||||||||||
Chris Alexander | 379.10 | 1.12% | 385.01 | 1.14% | 391.05 | 1.16% | 407.47 | 1.21% | 417.00 | 1.23% | ||||||||||||||||
Kevin O'Leary | 361.21 | 1.07% | 364.74 | 1.08% | 367.33 | 1.09% | 368.56 | 1.09% | ||||||||||||||||||
Rick Peterson | 220.58 | 0.65% | 223.09 | 0.66% | 226.96 | 0.67% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Andrew Saxton | 169.94 | 0.50% | 171.50 | 0.51% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Deepak Obhrai | 139.90 | 0.41% |
Template:2015 Canadian federal election/Durham Template:2012 Canadian federal by-elections/Durham
Notes
编辑References
编辑- ^ The Hon. Erin O'Toole, P.C., C.D., M.P.. lop.parl.ca. Library of Parliament. [August 6, 2023].
MP (2012-11-26 - 2023-08-01)
- ^ Marsh, Calum. Erin O'Toole meets Erin O'Toole after strange case of mistaken identity. National Post (Postmedia). September 3, 2020 [September 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 5, 2020).
- ^ Coletta, Amanda. Canadian Conservatives choose Erin O'Toole to lead fight against Trudeau. The Washington Post. August 24, 2020 [September 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 20, 2020).
- ^ John O'Toole Legislative Assembly of Ontario. www.ola.org. June 8, 1995 [July 3, 2020]. (原始内容存档于July 3, 2020) (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 CPC Interview Series: Erin O'Toole. canadianmuslimvote.ca. [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2020).
- ^ Erin O'Toole, Conservative MP for Duham (Ontario). [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 van Bilsen, Jonathan. The Story Behind The Person – Erin O'Toole. The Standard Newspaper. [November 1, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Levitz, Stephanie. Five things to know about new veterans Affairs Minister Erin O'Toole. iPolitics.ca. [November 1, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ Barthiaume, Lee. Veteran lawyer Erin O'Toole a fresh face for federal Tories (with video). Ottawa Citizen (Postmedia). December 23, 2014 [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 6, 2020).
- ^ Maloney, Ryan. Erin O'Toole Wins Conservative Leadership Race In Big Upset. HuffPost Canada. August 24, 2020 [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ Lao, David. Erin O'Toole: A look at the new Conservative leader and what he is promising. Global News. August 24, 2020 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 25, 2020) (en-CAN).
- ^ Haig, Terry. Erin O'Toole is ready…is the rest of Canada?. Radio Canada International. August 24, 2020 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 26, 2020) (en-CAN).
- ^ Erin O'Toole. Regent Law. [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 12, 2018).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Lao, David. Erin O'Toole: A look at the new Conservative leader and what he is promising. Global News (Corus Entertainment). August 24, 2020 [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2020).
- ^ O'Toole, Erin. Erin O'Toole: As prime minister, I will stand up to China. National Post (National Post). September 1, 2020 [October 31, 2020].
- ^ Heenan Blaikie lawyer takes aim at replacing Bev Oda in Parliament. Precedent. July 5, 2012 [November 1, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
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- ^ McMahon, Tamsin. Facebook used third parties to lobby as it sought to influence legislation. The Globe and Mail. March 5, 2019 [July 15, 2021].
- ^ Erman, Boyd. Bay Street lawyer eyes Bev Oda's seat. The Globe and Mail. July 5, 2012 [August 27, 2017]. (原始内容存档于March 4, 2016).
- ^ Hall, Chris. Erin O'Toole thoroughly dominates Durham. DurhamRegion.com. December 5, 2012 [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ Parliamentary Roles – Erin O'Toole. Parliament of Canada. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于October 20, 2018).
- ^ Dillon, Moya. Durham MP Erin O'Toole revives legacy of Zephyr war vet Samuel Sharpe. DurhamRegion.com. July 19, 2015 [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ 100 years after his death, 'forgotten' officer to be commemorated on Hill. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于August 19, 2018).
- ^ PM Announces Changes to the Ministry. pm.gc. [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于January 5, 2015).
- ^ Taylor-Vaisey, Nick. Newsmaker of the day: Who is Erin O'Toole?. Maclean's. January 5, 2015 [September 9, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 6, 2020).
- ^ Long, Jamie. Erin O'Toole, veterans affairs minister, moves to address complaints. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于September 16, 2018).
- ^ 27.0 27.1 Brewster, Murray. Afghan vets lawsuit over benefits on hold as Tories search for settlement. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于April 9, 2018).
- ^ Durham Riding stays blue with Erin O'Toole: 2015 federal election results. DurhamRegion.com. October 19, 2015 [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ Erin O'Toole, ex-Veterans Affair minister, to seek Conservative interim leadership. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于December 19, 2018).
- ^ Harris, Kathleen. Rona Ambrose chosen as interim Conservative leader. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于December 23, 2018).
- ^ Tasker, John Paul. Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose taps women for top shadow cabinet jobs. CBC News. November 20, 2015 [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 8, 2020).
- ^ Pessian, Parvaneh. Durham MP Erin O'Toole launches Conservative leadership bid in Bowmanville. DurhamRegion.com. October 14, 2016 [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于September 9, 2018).
- ^ 33.0 33.1 Dickson, Janice. O'Toole says he's not burning any bridges. iPolitics. January 16, 2017 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 15, 2018).
- ^ Erin O'Toole's 'one weakness' in leadership race: name recognition. CTV News (Ottawa: Bell Media). May 8, 2017 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 12, 2020).
- ^ Grenier, Éric. Erin O'Toole winning Conservative caucus as it shuns leadership front-runners Bernier, O'Leary. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于September 21, 2018).
- ^ Conservative Leadership: The Results. CPAC. May 29, 2017 [October 22, 2019]. (原始内容存档于October 22, 2019).
- ^ Lunn, Susan; Tasker, John. Conservative MP Erin O'Toole considering run for Ontario PC leadership. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于March 29, 2018).
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Meagan. Erin O'Toole takes pass on Ontario PC leadership, endorses Christine Elliott. CBC News. [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于April 12, 2018).
- ^ O'Meara, Jennifer. O'Toole named Conservative shadow minister for foreign affairs. DurhamRegion.com. August 31, 2017 [November 3, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ O'Meara, Jennifer. Re-elected Conservative Erin O'Toole vows to be Durham's voice in Ottawa. DurhamRegion.com (Torstar). October 22, 2019 [September 19, 2020]. (原始内容存档于February 21, 2020).
- ^ Internal audit of Scheer's spending reveals party money spent on school, clothes, minivan. Global News. [September 16, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 1, 2020) (美国英语).
- ^ Canada Conservative leader in surprise resignation. BBC News. December 12, 2019 [May 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于June 24, 2020).
- ^ Rabson, Mia. Conservative party in disarray over Scheer private school controversy. National Observer. December 15, 2019 [May 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于June 24, 2020) (英语).
- ^ MacCharles, Tonda. Andrew Scheer quitting as Conservative leader amid controversy. thestar.com. December 12, 2019 [May 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 6, 2020) (英语).
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer resigns, vows to stay on until new leader chosen. Global News. [May 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 25, 2020).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole announces bid for Conservative leadership in Alberta. Global News. [May 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于April 6, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Erin O'Toole attempted to convince Conservatives he's 'true blue.' Did it work?. Toronto Star (Torstar). August 16, 2020 [August 27, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 24, 2020).
- ^ 48.0 48.1 Platt, Brian. The rise of Erin O'Toole: Inside the strategy that took him from underdog to victor in Conservative leadership race. National Post (Postmedia). September 4, 2020 [October 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 5, 2020).
- ^ Smith, Marie-Danielle. Who really is Erin O'Toole?. Maclean's. July 14, 2020 [August 27, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 26, 2020).
- ^ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Aiello, Rachel. What has Erin O'Toole promised to do as Tory leader?. CTV News (Bell Media). August 24, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 25, 2020).
- ^ Platt, Brian. O'Toole campaign asks police to investigate MacKay's campaign for allegedly hacking internal data, videos. The Guardian. SaltWire Network. June 19, 2020 [October 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 24, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex; Leavitt, Kieran. Here's the real story behind the Conservative hacking scandal: It all starts with a fired intern. Toronto Star (Torstar). June 24, 2020 [October 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 22, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. After riding social conservative support to leadership victory, Erin O'Toole reaffirms he's 'pro-choice'. Toronto Star (Torstar). August 25, 2020 [December 28, 2020].
- ^ Erin O'Toole wins Conservative Party of Canada leadership on 3rd ballot. CP24. August 23, 2020 [August 24, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020) (英语).
- ^ Taylor-Vaisey, Nick. Erin O'Toole's victory in 15 key charts. Maclean's. August 31, 2020 [August 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 31, 2020).
- ^ Zimonjic, Peter. Erin O'Toole spends 1st day overseeing transition, talking to PM and Scheer. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). August 24, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 24, 2020).
- ^ 57.0 57.1 Bensadoun, Emerald. Conservative Leader O'Toole says triggering fall election 'not my priority'. Global News (Corus Entertainment). August 30, 2020 [August 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 30, 2020).
- ^ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Tasker, John Paul. Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole downplays talk of a fall federal election. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 2, 2020 [September 2, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 2, 2020).
- ^ Aiello, Rachel. O'Toole eyes post-pandemic election, vows to keep pushing feds on COVID-19 in meantime. CTV News (Bell Media). December 13, 2020 [December 15, 2020].
- ^ The Canadian Press. O'Toole names top Tories for Commons roles, with Bergen as deputy leader. Toronto Sun. September 2, 2020 [September 2, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 18, 2020) (加拿大英语).
- ^ Platt, Brian. O'Toole names shadow cabinet with Rempel Garner, Poilievre and Stubbs in key pandemic positions. National Post (Postmedia). September 8, 2020 [September 9, 2020].
- ^ 62.0 62.1 Jackson, Hannah. 'No plan' for economy will work without more access to COVID-19 tests, vaccines: O'Toole. Global News (Corus Entertainment). November 29, 2020 [November 30, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 29, 2020).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Tory leader O'Toole says he won't bar MPs from using private COVID-19 testing site. CP24 (Bell Media). September 25, 2020 [October 1, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 29, 2020).
- ^ Platt, Brian. In reply to throne speech, O'Toole hammers China and accuses Trudeau of stoking regional divisions. National Post (Postmedia). September 30, 2020 [October 1, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 2, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole takes a shot at Ontario government's management of pandemic restrictions. YorkRegion.com (Torstar). Metroland Media. October 18, 2020 [October 18, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 18, 2020).
- ^ Blanchfield, Mike. PM put all vaccine 'eggs' in one basket, didn't consider other options: O'Toole. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. November 29, 2020 [November 30, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 29, 2020).
- ^ Aiello, Rachel. O'Toole suggests lack of Liberal transparency feeding problem of vaccine misinformation. CTV News (Bell Media). December 3, 2020 [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ Liberals' failure to be transparent on vaccines fuelling anxiety: O'Toole – CityNews Toronto. CityNews (Rogers Media). The Canadian Press. December 3, 2020 [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ O'Malley, Kady. iPolitics AM: Confidence vote looms as Tories argue for 'anti-corruption committee'. iPolitics. October 20, 2020 [October 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ Harris, Kathleen; Levitz, Stephanie. Parliamentary showdown looms as Conservatives, Liberals dig in heels over anti-corruption committee. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). [October 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 20, 2020).
- ^ Aiello, Rachel. Feds face new Conservative push for COVID-19 study. CTV News (Bell Media). October 22, 2020 [October 22, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ Jones, Ryan Patrick. Liberals rebuff Conservative push for documents on federal COVID-19 response. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). October 22, 2020 [October 22, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 22, 2020).
- ^ Platt, Brian. Why Erin O'Toole is gambling on building a new, union-friendly Conservative voting coalition. National Post (Postmedia). November 12, 2020 [November 12, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 12, 2020).
- ^ Hutchens, Gareth. Could the latest speeches from Canadian Conservative Party leader Erin O'Toole be a hint politics in Australia will soon slide leftwards?. ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). November 14, 2020 [November 16, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 15, 2020).
- ^ 75.0 75.1 Forrest, Maura. Canadian Conservatives reckon with fallout from Capitol Hill riot. Politico. January 18, 2021 [January 19, 2021].
- ^ Wherry, Aaron. Erin O'Toole moves to shake off the Trumpian taint. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). January 19, 2021 [January 24, 2021].
- ^ Platt, Brian. As tensions rise in Conservative caucus, Erin O'Toole's leadership is put to the test. National Post (Postmedia). March 6, 2021 [March 13, 2021].
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Will Erin O'Toole embrace a carbon tax? Some of his MPs are worried he will, insiders say. Toronto Star (Torstar). March 2, 2021 [March 13, 2021].
- ^ Reynolds, Christopher. O'Toole acknowledges some Conservatives 'frustrated' over carbon pricing plan. Toronto Star (Torstar). August 21, 2021 [August 21, 2021].
- ^ 80.0 80.1 Platt, Brian. Conservative Party must have 'the courage to change,' Erin O'Toole tells party convention. National Post (Postmedia). March 19, 2021 [March 19, 2021].
- ^ Canada's Recovery Plan. Secure the Future. [August 21, 2021] (美国英语).
- ^ Plan de rétablissement du Canada. Opposition officielle du Canada. [August 21, 2021] (fr-FR).
- ^ An Early Look at the Party Leaders, the Platforms and the Promises. Zoomer. [August 21, 2021] (en-EN).
- ^ Secure the Future: Conservatives Election Platform 2021 (PDF). [August 21, 2021]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于August 20, 2021).
- ^ 85.0 85.1 Reynolds, Chris. Conservatives unveil platform stressing jobs, pledge to scrap Liberal child-care deals. National Post (Postmedia). The Canadian Press. August 16, 2021 [August 16, 2021].
- ^ 86.0 86.1 Tunney, Catharine. Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole sticks with moderate message despite falling short. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 20, 2021 [September 21, 2021].
- ^ Turnbull, Sarah. Conservatives fail to dethrone Liberals. CTV News (Bell Media). September 21, 2021 [September 21, 2021].
- ^ Flanagan, Ryan. Liberals return to Alberta, and 5 other surprises in the election results. CTV News (Bell Media). September 21, 2021 [September 21, 2021].
- ^ Turnbull, Sarah. Conservatives divided on fate of O'Toole, as party's MPs call for unity. CTV News (Bell Media). September 26, 2021 [September 26, 2021].
- ^ Tasker, John Pauil. Conservatives divided on what to do about Erin O'Toole after election loss. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 23, 2021 [September 26, 2021].
- ^ Tasker, John Paul. Conservative senator launches petition to oust Erin O'Toole as leader. CBC News. November 15, 2021 [December 21, 2021].
- ^ Bailey, Ian; Walsh, Marieke; Curry, Bill; Dickson, Janice. Erin O'Toole defends ouster of Senator Denise Batters from Conservative caucus. The Globe and Mail. November 17, 2021 [December 21, 2021] (加拿大英语).
- ^ Tasker, John. Conservative caucus revolt triggers vote on Erin O'Toole's leadership. CBC News. 31 January 2022 [2 February 2022].
- ^ Tasker, John Paul. Conservative MPs vote to remove Erin O'Toole as leader. CBC News. February 2, 2022 [February 2, 2022].
- ^ Caucus votes Erin O'Toole out as Conservative party leader. CP24. February 2, 2022 [February 2, 2022] (英语).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex; Connolly, Amanda. Erin O'Toole ousted as Conservative leader after caucus revolt. Global News. February 2, 2022 [February 2, 2022] (加拿大英语).
- ^ Taylor, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole voted out as leader by Conservative MPs. National Post. February 2, 2022 [February 2, 2022] (英语).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole removed as Conservative leader in vote by MPs. The Toronto Star. February 2, 2022 [February 2, 2022]. ISSN 0319-0781 (加拿大英语).
- ^ Conservatives lost 'eight or nine' seats in last election due to Chinese interference, says O'Toole. June 9, 2022 [2022-06-09].
- ^ Chase, Steven; Fife, Robert. Former Conservative leader informed he is being targeted by Chinese government. The Globe and Mail. 2023-05-26 [2023-05-27] (加拿大英语).
- ^ Former Conservative leader Erin O'Toole not seeking re-election, leaving this spring. www.ctvnews.ca/. CTV News. March 31, 2023 [31 March 2023].
- ^ Erin O'Toole, former Conservative leader, leaving politics: 'Honour of a lifetime'. globalnews.ca/. Global News. [31 March 2023].
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole warns MPs they're on a dangerous path as he makes final House speech. Toronto Star (Torstar). June 12, 2023 [July 4, 2023].
- ^ CBC News. O'Toole calls on MPs to reject 'performance politics' in final House speech. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 12, 2023 [July 4, 2023].
- ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/durham-federal-byelection-2024-1.7130853
- ^ 106.0 106.1 Platt, Brian. Meet Erin O'Toole, the new leader of the federal Conservative Party. National Post (Postmedia). August 24, 2020 [October 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于April 15, 2021).
- ^ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 Platt, Brian. Erin O'Toole warns that the Liberals may bankrupt the country to win the next election. National Post (Postmedia). September 24, 2020 [September 25, 2020].
- ^ 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 108.4 108.5 Thomson, Stuart. Defund the CBC and shower parents with cash: Four things Erin O'Toole has promised to do. National Post (Postmedia). August 24, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 27, 2020).
- ^ Anderson, Drew. Conservatives pitch fiscal reform to end 'mistreatment of Western Canadians'. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). July 8, 2021 [August 19, 2021].
- ^ 110.0 110.1 110.2 Tasker, John Paul. MacKay, O'Toole pitch pandemic recovery plans heavy on tax incentives, fiscal prudence. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 26, 2020).
- ^ Taylor, Stephanie. 'True blue' or not: Does Erin O'Toole still want to defund the CBC or just review it?. Toronto Star (Torstar). The Canadian Press. August 17, 2021 [August 17, 2021].
- ^ 112.0 112.1 112.2 Platt, Brian. Erin O'Toole won the Tory leadership promising to 'defund CBC,' but will it work in a general election?. National Post (Postmedia). September 22, 2020 [September 22, 2020]. (原始内容存档于July 1, 2021).
- ^ Boisvert, Nick. Federal parties all say they'll make housing more affordable. Here's what we know about their plans. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). August 19, 2021 [August 19, 2021].
- ^ Dickson, Janice. Canadians see Erin O'Toole's election as positive step for Conservative Party, Nanos survey shows. The Globe and Mail. September 4, 2020 [September 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 5, 2020).
- ^ Alhmidi, Maan. O'Toole mum on how many immigrants he would bring, promises tougher border measures. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. September 14, 2021 [September 26, 2021].
- ^ Dougherty, Kevin. O'Toole's goal to 'triple' Conservative strength in Quebec built on promises of autonomy. iPolitics. September 14, 2020 [September 15, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 15, 2020).
- ^ 117.0 117.1 The Canadian Press. Tory leader says he won't touch Quebec secularism law, supports Bill 101 expansion. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 14, 2020 [September 14, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 5, 2020).
- ^ Stefanovich, Olivia. O'Toole promises 'serious approach' to Indigenous reconciliation. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 3, 2020 [September 3, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 3, 2020).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Learn the lessons of history, don't 'cancel' them, new Tory leader O'Toole says. CTV News (Bell Media). September 9, 2020 [September 13, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 13, 2020).
- ^ Wherry, Aaron. Striking a pose: Canada and the politics of statues. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 11, 2020 [September 13, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 13, 2020).
- ^ Gilmore, Rachel. O'Toole backtracks, says residential school system 'was not' created to 'provide education'. Global News. Corus Entertainment. December 16, 2020 [January 5, 2021].
- ^ Platt, Brian. O'Toole vows to build trust on reconciliation, regrets coming off as 'flippant and partisan' on residential schools. National Post. Postmedia. December 17, 2020.
- ^ 123.0 123.1 123.2 123.3 Ballingall, Alex. What kind of prime minister would Erin O'Toole be? His 'true-blue' platform spells it out. Toronto Star (Torstar). August 24, 2020 [August 27, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 27, 2020).
- ^ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 Levitz, Stephanie. How would an O'Toole-led Conservative government handle the COVID-19 recovery?. CP24 (Bell Media). August 30, 2020 [August 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 30, 2020).
- ^ Platt, Brian. O'Toole slams outsourcing to China, calls for better conditions for workers. National Post (Postmedia). October 30, 2020 [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于February 11, 2021).
- ^ Erin O'Toole vows to increase criminal punishment for people who disrupt pipelines and railways. The Narwhal. August 19, 2021 [August 21, 2021] (英语).
- ^ Ballingall, Alex; Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole says the Liberals' carbon price won't automatically get scrapped if he is prime minister. Toronto Star (Torstar). September 14, 2021 [September 26, 2021].
- ^ 128.0 128.1 128.2 Taylor, Stephanie. Low-carbon bucks: Conservatives pitch consumer carbon pricing through savings account. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. April 15, 2021 [April 16, 2021].
- ^ 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 Kapelos, Vassy; Jones, Ryan Patrick. O'Toole says his 'Canada First' strategy means economic self-sufficiency, getting tough on China. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 8, 2020 [September 9, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 9, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Conservatives have ignored the climate crisis at their peril – and party insiders say Erin O'Toole knows it. Toronto Star (Torstar). December 9, 2020 [December 17, 2020].
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie; Blanchfield, Mike. Detailed Tory plan will 'probably' meet climate goals faster than Liberals, without a federal carbon tax: O'Toole. National Post (Postmedia). The Canadian Press. February 11, 2021 [February 13, 2021].
- ^ Hill, Brian. O'Toole doubles down on promise to return Canada to old emissions target – despite experts' warnings. Global News (Corus Entertainment). August 30, 2021 [September 7, 2021].
- ^ Oil Tanker Moratorium Act. openparliament.ca. [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 9, 2020).
- ^ Turnbull, Sarah. O'Toole says Energy East 'not on the table' after talking pipelines with Legault. CTV News (Bell Media). September 14, 2020 [September 14, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 14, 2020).
- ^ An Act to enact the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts. openparliament.ca. [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 11, 2020).
- ^ Curry, Bill; Dickson, Janice. Conservative government would aim to erase deficit in a decade, Erin O'Toole says. The Globe and Mail. September 3, 2020 [November 2, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 21, 2020).
- ^ Canada's main opposition party members reject proposal to recognize climate change as real. Reuters. March 20, 2021 [March 21, 2021].
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Tory grassroots vote against putting line saying 'climate change is real' into policy. CTV News. March 20, 2021 [March 21, 2021].
- ^ 139.0 139.1 Thibedeau, Hannah. O'Toole attacks MacKay for saying he'd expect cabinet to vote against abortion bills. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). February 27, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 6, 2020).
- ^ 140.0 140.1 Dehaas, Josh. Where 14 Conservative leadership candidates stand on social issues. CTV News (Bell Media). February 1, 2017 [August 27, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 1, 2020).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Conservatives' O'Toole says MPs can vote freely on conversion therapy ban, assisted dying bills. CTV News (Bell Media). October 7, 2020 [October 7, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 10, 2020).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Erin O'Toole reaffirms pro-choice stance, says he'll 'defend rights' as Conservative leader. Toronto Star. August 25, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 28, 2020) (英语).
- ^ 143.0 143.1 Tasker, John Paul. 'I'm pro-choice,' O'Toole says as abortion issue emerges on the campaign trail. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). August 19, 2021 [August 19, 2021].
- ^ O'Toole says doctors must refer for services they object to, reversing pledge. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. August 20, 2021 [August 20, 2021].
- ^ Curry, Bill; Dickson, Janice. Conservative government would aim to erase deficit in a decade, Erin O'Toole says. theglobeandmail.com. September 3, 2020 [September 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 4, 2020).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. O'Toole accuses Liberals of deliberately introducing divisive anti-conversion bill at start of his leadership. National Post (Postmedia). October 1, 2020 [October 1, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 21, 2021).
- ^ Zimonjic, Peter. O'Toole amends platform on gun control, but questions remain about what change means. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 6, 2021 [September 6, 2021]. (原始内容存档于September 7, 2021).
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole and Kellie Leitch take divergent campaign approaches – Macleans.ca. Maclean's. April 17, 2017 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 4, 2020).
- ^ 149.0 149.1 Boutilier, Alex. Erin O'Toole says drug offenders deserve help, not stiff penalties. Toronto Star (Torstar). January 25, 2021 [January 25, 2021].
- ^ Treat drug addiction as health, not criminal issue, O'Toole says in plan to tackle opioid crisis. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). August 22, 2021 [August 22, 2021].
- ^ O'Toole to allow safe injection sites, fund opioid recovery centres. Global News (Corus Entertainment). The Canadian Press. August 22, 2021 [August 22, 2021].
- ^ 152.0 152.1 McKenna, Peter. Peter McKenna: What would an Erin O'Toole foreign policy look like?. The Chronicle Herald. October 15, 2020 [October 16, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 17, 2020).
- ^ Conservatives outline plan for 'bold' new international human rights agenda. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). August 6, 2021 [August 7, 2021].
- ^ Levitz, Stephanie. Erin O'Toole says a Conservative government wouldn't cut foreign aid. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. March 16, 2021 [March 17, 2021] (英语).
- ^ Free-trade area with U.K., Australia and N.Z. would create jobs for Canadians: Tories. CTV News (Bell Media). The Canadian Press. September 2, 2021 [September 7, 2021].
- ^ Stone, Laura. For Tory leadership hopeful Erin O'Toole, a chance to win by being No. 2. The Globe and Mail. February 3, 2017 [August 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于May 27, 2017).
- ^ Boutilier, Alex. Why does Erin O'Toole talk about China so much?. Toronto Star (Torstar). September 29, 2020 [September 30, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 2, 2020).
- ^ Curry, Bill. Erin O'Toole lays out Conservative economic plan focused on fighting inequality. The Globe and Mail. October 30, 2020 [October 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 31, 2020).
- ^ Tasker, John Paul. As Conservatives call for crackdown, O'Toole calls Chinese influence a grave 'threat' to Canada. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). November 17, 2020 [November 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 17, 2020).
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. Intimidation of Canadians by China, other countries 'will not be tolerated': Champagne. Global News (Corus Entertainment). November 17, 2020 [November 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 17, 2020).
- ^ Jones, Ryan Patrick. O'Toole calls for relocation of 2022 Olympic Games out of China Social Sharing. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). February 16, 2021 [February 18, 2021].
- ^ Taylor, Stephanie. O'Toole wants Trudeau to stand up to China at G7, push relocation of Beijing Olympics. The Toronto Star (The Canadian Press). June 23, 2021.
- ^ Blanchfield, Mike. Tories push Liberals to decide 5G, Huawei amid China imprisonment of Kovrig, Spavor. CTV News (Bell Media). November 17, 2020 [November 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 17, 2020).
- ^ 164.0 164.1 MacCharles, Tonda. Erin O'Toole wants China's ambassador to Canada to publicly apologize to Canadians, or be kicked out. Toronto Star (Torstar). October 16, 2020 [October 17, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 17, 2020).
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. O'Toole vows to put 'caveats' on One China policy, urges 'reckoning' over coronavirus. Global News. Corus Entertainment Company. May 10, 2020 [October 21, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 5, 2020).
- ^ Yuen, Jenny. Conservatives hang on to Oda's Durham riding. Toronto Sun. November 27, 2012 [December 4, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 24, 2020).
- ^ Pessian, Parvaneh. Durham MP Erin O'Toole launches Conservative leadership bid in Bowmanville. DurhamRegion.com. October 14, 2016 [November 1, 2018]. (原始内容存档于September 9, 2018).
- ^ Gill, Nikki. Conservative leader Erin O'Toole on meeting his wife while he was in the Air Force. TRNTO.com. Post City. November 11, 2020 [November 11, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 12, 2020).
- ^ McCullough, J.J. Canada's Conservatives pick Erin O'Toole as leader – and reject the temptation to go left. The Washington Post. August 24, 2020 [August 25, 2020]. (原始内容存档于August 25, 2020).
- ^ Aiello, Rachel. Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole tests positive for COVID-19. CTV News. September 18, 2020 [September 18, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 24, 2020).
- ^ Erin O'Toole's wife tests positive for COVID-19. CTV News. September 22, 2020 [September 23, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 23, 2020) (英语).
- ^ Harris, Kathleen. O'Toole, Blanchet return to Commons after COVID-19 isolation. CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). September 30, 2020 [September 30, 2020]. (原始内容存档于October 1, 2020).
- ^ Weeren, Marie. Alumni Association Awards celebrate outstanding alumni. Dalhousie University. [November 1, 2018]. (原始内容存档于November 3, 2018).
- ^ General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor. Erin O'Toole, M.P.. The Governor General of Canada. [October 22, 2019]. (原始内容存档于October 22, 2019).
- ^ Ha, Tu Thanh. First 60 Canadians set to receive Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal. The Globe and Mail. February 5, 2012 [January 14, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 24, 2020).
- ^ RCV Short Report (PDF). August 24, 2020 [August 24, 2020]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于August 24, 2020).
- ^ #CPCLDR – LIVE – #CHEFPCC. Conservative Party of Canada. May 27, 2017 [October 17, 2020] –通过YouTube.
External links
编辑加拿大国会 | ||
---|---|---|
前任者: Bev Oda |
Member of Parliament for Durham 2012–2023 |
继任者: Jamil Jivani |
官衔 | ||
前任者: Julian Fantino |
Minister of Veterans Affairs 2015 |
继任者: Kent Hehr |
前任者: Andrew Scheer |
Leader of the Opposition 2020–2022 |
继任者: Candice Bergen |
政党职务 | ||
前任者: Andrew Scheer |
Leader of the Conservative Party 2020–2022 |
继任者: Candice Bergen Interim |
Template:Canadian federal opposition leaders
Template:Canadian Conservative Leaders
Template:Current Members of the Canadian House of Commons
Template:Harper Ministry
Template:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs
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