上辅

**上辅（天龙座λ）**
	上辅的位置（红圈）
观测资料; 历元 J2000.0
星座	天龙座
星官	紫微右垣（紫微垣）
赤经	11h 31m 24.22075s
赤纬	+69° 19′ 51.8696″
视星等（V）	+3.85
特性
光谱分类	M0III-IIIa Ca1
U−B 色指数	+1.97
B−V 色指数	+1.62
变星类型	慢不规则
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)	+6.58±0.30 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：−40.97 mas/yr ; 赤纬：−19.19 mas/yr
视差 (π)	9.79 ± 0.15 mas
距离	333 ± 5 ly ; (102 ± 2 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)	−1.14±0.033
详细资料
质量	1.7 M☉
半径	71 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	1.10±0.05
亮度	834 L☉
温度	3,958 K
其他命名
	λ Dra、1 Draconis、 BD−70° 665、FK5 433、HD 100029、HIP 56211、HR 4434、 SAO 15532
参考资料库
SIMBAD	资料

上辅（Lambda Draconis、λ Draconis，缩写为Lam Dra、λ Dra），也称为Giausar^[12]，位于拱极星座天龙座内，是一颗单独^[13]、呈现橘红色^[14]的恒星。它的视星等为 +3.8等，可以用裸眼直接看见^[2]。依据从地球上测量到的视差9,79mas ^[1]，这颗恒星距离太阳约333光年。

这是一颗已经演化至渐近巨星分支的红巨星^[15]，在分类上是MOIII-IIIaCa1^[3]，并被怀疑是颗周期大约1,100天的慢不规则变星^[4]。在修正临边昏暗之后，测量所得的角直径为7000643000000000000♠6.43±0.07 mas.^[16]。在前述的估计距离上，它的真实半径大约是太阳半径的53倍^[8]，质量是太阳质量的1.7倍^[7]，来自有效温度3,958K的光球亮度是太阳亮度的834倍^[10]。

名称

同名物体

美国海军巨爵级货船（英语：Crater class cargo ship）USS Giansar (AK-111)（英语：USS Giansar (AK-111)）以这颗恒星命名。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752  , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Johnson, H. L.; et al, UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars, Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1966, 4 (99), Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C., The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 1989, 71: 245, Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K, doi:10.1086/191373.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al, Combined General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS4.2), 2007 [2016-09-30], （原始内容存档于2018-10-10）.
^ Famaey, B.; et al, Spectroscopic binaries among Hipparcos M giants,. I. Data, orbits, and intrinsic variations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2009, 498 (2): 627–640, Bibcode:2009A&A...498..627F, arXiv:0901.0934  , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810698.
^ Park, Sunkyung; et al, Wilson-Bappu Effect: Extended to Surface Gravity, The Astronomical Journal, 2013, 146 (4): 73, Bibcode:2013AJ....146...73P, arXiv:1307.0592  , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/73.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Gondoin, P., Evolution of X-ray activity and rotation on G-K giants, Astronomy and Astrophysics, December 1999, 352: 217–227, Bibcode:1999A&A...352..217G.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Lang, Kenneth R., Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library 1 3rd, Birkhäuser, 2006 [2019-01-20], ISBN 3-540-29692-1, （原始内容存档于2019-05-20）. The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(102.1\cdot 6.43\cdot 10^{-3})\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 141.2\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$
^ Takagi, Yuhei; et al, Age Determinations of Early-M Type Pre-Main Sequence Stars Using a High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Method, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, June 2011, 63 (3): 677–684, Bibcode:2011PASJ...63..677T, doi:10.1093/pasj/63.3.677.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 McDonald, I.; et al, Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2012, 427: 343, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M, arXiv:1208.2037  , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x.
^ lam Dra. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2017-05-28].
^ Naming Stars. IAU.org. [2017-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-11）.
^ Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A., A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, September 2008, 389 (2): 869–879, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, arXiv:0806.2878  , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x.
^ Moore, Patrick, The Observer’s Year: 366 Nights of the Universe, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, Springer Science & Business Media: 285, 2013, ISBN 1447136136
^ Eggen, O. J. Asymptotic giant branch stars near the sun. The Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 275. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..275E. doi:10.1086/116239.
^ Richichi, A.; et al, CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2005, 431 (2): 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039.

引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“Kaler”的参考文献没有在文中使用

引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“Allen1963”的参考文献没有在文中使用

[vanLeeuwen2007-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752  , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.

[Johnson1966-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Johnson, H. L.; et al, UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars, Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1966, 4 (99), Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.

[perkins1989-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C., The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 1989, 71: 245, Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K, doi:10.1086/191373.

[Samus2007-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al, Combined General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS4.2), 2007 [2016-09-30], （原始内容存档于2018-10-10）.

[Famaey2009-5] Famaey, B.; et al, Spectroscopic binaries among Hipparcos M giants,. I. Data, orbits, and intrinsic variations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2009, 498 (2): 627–640, Bibcode:2009A&A...498..627F, arXiv:0901.0934  , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810698.

[park2013-6] Park, Sunkyung; et al, Wilson-Bappu Effect: Extended to Surface Gravity, The Astronomical Journal, 2013, 146 (4): 73, Bibcode:2013AJ....146...73P, arXiv:1307.0592  , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/73.

[Gondoin1999-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Gondoin, P., Evolution of X-ray activity and rotation on G-K giants, Astronomy and Astrophysics, December 1999, 352: 217–227, Bibcode:1999A&A...352..217G.

[lang2006-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Lang, Kenneth R., Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library 1 3rd, Birkhäuser, 2006 [2019-01-20], ISBN 3-540-29692-1, （原始内容存档于2019-05-20）. The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(102.1\cdot 6.43\cdot 10^{-3})\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 141.2\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$

[Tagaki2011-9] Takagi, Yuhei; et al, Age Determinations of Early-M Type Pre-Main Sequence Stars Using a High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Method, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, June 2011, 63 (3): 677–684, Bibcode:2011PASJ...63..677T, doi:10.1093/pasj/63.3.677.

[mcdonald2012-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 McDonald, I.; et al, Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2012, 427: 343, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M, arXiv:1208.2037  , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x.

[SIMBAD-11] Dra. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2017-05-28].

[IAU-LSN-12] Naming Stars. IAU.org. [2017-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-11）.

[Eggleton2008-13] Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A., A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, September 2008, 389 (2): 869–879, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, arXiv:0806.2878  , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x.

[Moore2013-14] Moore, Patrick, The Observer’s Year: 366 Nights of the Universe, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, Springer Science & Business Media: 285, 2013, ISBN 1447136136

[eggen1992-15] Eggen, O. J. Asymptotic giant branch stars near the sun. The Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 275. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..275E. doi:10.1086/116239.

[Richichi2005-16] Richichi, A.; et al, CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2005, 431 (2): 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039.

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[16]

观测资料历元 J2000.0
上辅的位置（红圈）
星座	天龙座
星官	紫微右垣（紫微垣）
赤经	11^h 31^m 24.22075^s^[1]
赤纬	+69° 19′ 51.8696″^[1]
视星等（V）	+3.85^[2]
特性
光谱分类	M0III-IIIa Ca1^[3]
U−B 色指数	+1.97^[2]
B−V 色指数	+1.62^[2]
变星类型	慢不规则^[4]
天体测定

径向速度 (R_v)	7000658000000000000♠+6.58±0.30^[5] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：−40.97^[1] mas/yr 赤纬：−19.19^[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)	9.79 ± 0.15^[1] mas
距离	333 ± 5 ly (102 ± 2 pc)
绝对星等 (M_V)	2999886000000000000♠−1.14±0.033^[6]

详细资料

质量	1.7^[7] M_☉
半径	71^[8] R_☉
表面重力 (log g)	7000110000000000000♠1.10±0.05^[9]
亮度	834^[10] L_☉
温度	3,958^[10] K

其他命名
λ Dra、1 Draconis、 BD−70° 665、FK5 433、HD 100029、HIP 56211、HR 4434、 SAO 15532^[11]
参考资料库
SIMBAD	资料