冰岛—俄罗斯关系

冰岛－俄罗斯关系（俄语：Российско-исландские отношения），是指俄罗斯联邦和冰岛共和国之间的双边关系。俄罗斯在冰岛首都雷克雅维克设有大使馆。两国曾在经贸方面关系密切^[1]。

历史

苏联和冰岛于1943年10月4日建交^[2]^[3]；1955年12月，两国升格为大使级关系。自1975年至1991年，冰岛在苏联设有贸易代表处；由1991至1995年，俄罗斯联邦于冰岛设有贸易代表处^[2]。1997年，历史上第一本《俄语－冰岛语词典》出版^[4]。2002年4月18日至24日，冰岛总统格里姆松赴俄罗斯外访，访问了俄罗斯城市圣彼得堡、莫斯科、诺夫哥罗德和萨列哈尔德^[2]^[5]。

2008年，冰岛的传统西方盟友拒绝提供财政援助，拯救该国面临崩溃的银行体系，因此冰岛总理盖尔·哈尔德派出代表团，向俄国请求提供30亿英镑（约40亿欧元）的援助^[6]；后来因应冰岛成功向国际货币基金组织及丹麦、挪威等北欧国家中央银行借得大笔贷款，遂将与俄罗斯协商的贷款额减至5亿美元，但俄罗斯最终在于2009年10月14日宣布拒绝贷款^[7]。

2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，冰岛总理卡特琳·雅各布斯多蒂尔谴责了俄罗斯的入侵行为，^[8]并跟随欧美一同对俄国进行制裁。同年3月7日，俄罗斯联邦政府通过对其采取“不友善举动”的国家与地区名单，冰岛也被列入^{[注 1]}。^[9]2023年8月，因两国关系恶化，冰岛政府决定关闭其驻莫斯科的大使馆^[10]。

经贸关系

2003年，俄罗斯和冰岛两国之间的双边贸易总额为8970万美元，其中冰岛到俄罗斯的出口总额为380万美元，俄罗斯到冰岛的出口总额为7590万美元。俄罗斯是冰岛第九大出口国。俄罗斯出口到冰岛的产品包括石油产品和铝，而冰岛出口到俄罗斯的产品则包括轮船、海产、纺织品和服装、化肥以及工业设备^[2]。

参考

^ Iceland seeks Russian comfort. 莫斯科新闻（英语：The Moscow News）. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-31）. Russia received a similar official request late on Tuesday and the country's Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was quoted by Interfax as saying: "We will consider it. Iceland has a reputation for strict budget discipline and has a high credit rating. We're looking favorably at the request." Negotiations on the loan are supposed to start on October 14.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Russian embassy in Reykjavík. 俄罗斯政府. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-19）.
^ Bilateral Relations. 冰岛政府. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-20）. Diplomatic relations were established between Iceland and Soviet Union 1943 and in the following year Embassies were opened in Reykjavík and Moscow respectively.
^ Russnesk-islensk ordabok.. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-25）（俄语）.
^ Iceland leader arrives in Moscow. Interfax at the BBC. April 18, 2002 [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-19）. President of Iceland Olafur Grimsson arrived in Moscow on Thursday [18 April] on the first state visit in the history of the two countries' relations. At the airport, Grimsson was greeted by head of the Russian Fisheries Committee Yevgeniy Nazdratenko.The Russian Foreign Ministry told Interfax that relations between Moscow and Reykjavik "are on the rise and are developing rapidly".Upcoming Russian-Icelandic talks are expected ...
^ Mason, Rowena. Iceland nationalises bank and seeks Russian loan. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2008-10-07 [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-26）. Prime Minister Geir Haarde rushed emergency measures through the Nordic nation's parliament to nationalise Landsbanki and give the country's largest bank, Kaupthing, a £400 million loan to bolster its balance sheet.
^ Russia refuses $500 million loan to Iceland. RIA Novosti (Moscow). 2009-10-14 [2011-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-22）. Russia's government has refused to grant a $500 million loan to Iceland. Iceland originally asked Russia for a 4 billion euro ($5.8 billion) loan, but after it received most of the sum from Scandinavian countries and the IMF, the sum of the requested loan went down to $500 million.
^ Russians In Iceland & Icelandic Government Condemn Invasion Of Ukraine, Protests Planned. The Reykjavik Grapevine. 24 February 2022 [2022-02-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-24）.
^ 中央社. 俄羅斯「不友善」國家與地區名單台灣也上榜. 风传媒. 2022年3月7日 [2022年3月14日]. （原始内容存档于2022年5月3日）.
^ 中央广播电台. 冰島關閉駐俄大使館開歐洲先例. 法新社. 2023-08-01 [2023-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-07）.

注释

^ 美国、欧盟会员国、英国、日本、加拿大、挪威、新加坡、韩国、瑞士、乌克兰、蒙特内哥罗、阿尔巴尼亚、安道尔、冰岛、列支敦斯登、摩纳哥、圣马力诺、北马其顿、澳洲、密克罗尼西亚、新西兰，台湾。

[1] Iceland seeks Russian comfort. 莫斯科新闻（英语：The Moscow News）. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-31）. Russia received a similar official request late on Tuesday and the country's Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was quoted by Interfax as saying: "We will consider it. Iceland has a reputation for strict budget discipline and has a high credit rating. We're looking favorably at the request." Negotiations on the loan are supposed to start on October 14.

[rus-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Russian embassy in Reykjavík. 俄罗斯政府. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-19）.

[3] Bilateral Relations. 冰岛政府. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-20）. Diplomatic relations were established between Iceland and Soviet Union 1943 and in the following year Embassies were opened in Reykjavík and Moscow respectively.

[4] Russnesk-islensk ordabok.. [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-25）（俄语）.

[5] Iceland leader arrives in Moscow. Interfax at the BBC. April 18, 2002 [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-19）. President of Iceland Olafur Grimsson arrived in Moscow on Thursday [18 April] on the first state visit in the history of the two countries' relations. At the airport, Grimsson was greeted by head of the Russian Fisheries Committee Yevgeniy Nazdratenko.The Russian Foreign Ministry told Interfax that relations between Moscow and Reykjavik "are on the rise and are developing rapidly".Upcoming Russian-Icelandic talks are expected ...

[tel-6] Mason, Rowena. Iceland nationalises bank and seeks Russian loan. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2008-10-07 [2009-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-26）. Prime Minister Geir Haarde rushed emergency measures through the Nordic nation's parliament to nationalise Landsbanki and give the country's largest bank, Kaupthing, a £400 million loan to bolster its balance sheet.

[tish-7] Russia refuses $500 million loan to Iceland. RIA Novosti (Moscow). 2009-10-14 [2011-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-22）. Russia's government has refused to grant a $500 million loan to Iceland. Iceland originally asked Russia for a 4 billion euro ($5.8 billion) loan, but after it received most of the sum from Scandinavian countries and the IMF, the sum of the requested loan went down to $500 million.

[8] Russians In Iceland & Icelandic Government Condemn Invasion Of Ukraine, Protests Planned. The Reykjavik Grapevine. 24 February 2022 [2022-02-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-24）.

[10] 中央社. 俄羅斯「不友善」國家與地區名單台灣也上榜. 风传媒. 2022年3月7日 [2022年3月14日]. （原始内容存档于2022年5月3日）.

[11] 中央广播电台. 冰島關閉駐俄大使館開歐洲先例. 法新社. 2023-08-01 [2023-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-07）.

[9] 美国、欧盟会员国、英国、日本、加拿大、挪威、新加坡、韩国、瑞士、乌克兰、蒙特内哥罗、阿尔巴尼亚、安道尔、冰岛、列支敦斯登、摩纳哥、圣马力诺、北马其顿、澳洲、密克罗尼西亚、新西兰，台湾。

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冰岛－俄罗斯关系



冰岛	俄罗斯