利马集团

利马集团
Grupo de Lima
The Lima Group
利马集团; Grupo de Lima; The Lima Group
	成员国
官方语言	英语; 西班牙语; 葡萄牙语;
类型	政府间组织（英语：Intergovernmental organization）
成员	14个成员国阿根廷; 巴西; 加拿大; 智利; 哥伦比亚; 哥斯达黎加; 危地马拉; 圭亚那; 洪都拉斯; 墨西哥; 巴拿马; 巴拉圭; 秘鲁; 圣卢西亚 ;
成立	秘鲁利马
• 利马宣言	2017年8月8日

利马集团（英语：The Lima Group，西班牙语：Grupo de Lima，葡萄牙语：Grupo de Lima，简称：GL）为一个多边组织。利马宣言于2017年8月8日在秘鲁首都利马签订后，组织随即宣告成立。组织一共有12个成员国，目的是以和平手段结束委内瑞拉危机^[1]。

组织亦要求释放政治犯，呼吁举行公平自由的选举，提供人道援助，批评委国国内民主秩序被政府扰乱。

历史

利马宣言

利马宣言代表利马集团成立，并列出集团的主要目标和大纲，以处理委内瑞拉危机和调停各方^[2]。

引言建立成员国秉持民主与非干涉的愿望，希望能找到委内瑞拉危机和平解决的方法。 Establishes member states and outlines the democratic and noninterventional ambitions of the group to find a peaceful solution to the crisis in Venezuela.	《利马宣言》联合宣言 007 - 17 来自阿根廷、巴西、加拿大、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、瓜地马拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁的外交部长和代表，在2017年8月8日，于利马，就委内瑞拉的严峻局势发表了意见，并探讨以对话及和平的途径，协助该国恢复民主。 The Foreign Ministers and Representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru, meeting in the city of Lima, on 8 August 2017, to address the critical situation in Venezuela and explore ways to contribute to the restoration of democracy in that country through a peaceful and negotiated solution 受区内独有的团结精神鼓舞，并坚信充分尊重国际法准则和不干涉原则的谈判在不侵犯人权和民主下，是确保持久解决差异的唯一工具。 Encouraged by the spirit of solidarity that characterizes the region and the conviction that negotiation, with full respect for the norms of international law and the principle of nonintervention, does not violate human rights and democracy, and is the only tool that ensures a lasting solution to the differences;
宣言标志利马集团的定位与在委内瑞拉危机中的目标 Highlights the positions and goals of the Lima Group regarding the crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela.	They declare: 谴责委内瑞拉民主秩序的崩溃 Their condemnation of the breakdown of democratic order in Venezuela. 基于制宪大会的非法本质，利马集团决定不承认制宪大会及其作为。 Their decision not to recognize the National Constituent Assembly, nor the acts emanating from it, due to its illegitimate nature. 利马集团完全支持民主选出的全国代表大会。 Their full support and solidarity with the National Assembly, democratically elected. 根据宪法要求全国代表大会授权的法律行为，只有在该大会批准后才会被承认。 Legal acts that according to the Constitution require authorization from the National Assembly, will only be recognized when said Assembly has approved them. 坚决拒绝使用暴力或任何涉及使用武力的选项。 Their energetic rejection of violence and any option that involves the use of force. 支持并与委内瑞拉的总检察长和公共部门成员团结一致，并要求履行国际美洲人权委员会发布的预防措施。 Their support and solidarity with the Attorney General and the members of the Public Ministry of Venezuela and demand the application of the precautionary measures issued by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 谴责系统性侵犯人权和基本自由、暴力、镇压和政治迫害，谴责政治犯的存在以及缺乏独立国际观察下的自由选举。 Their condemnation of the systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, of violence, repression and political persecution, the existence of political prisoners and the lack of free elections under independent international observation. 指出委内瑞拉未遵守联合国人权理事会的要求或义务。 That Venezuela does not comply with the requirements or obligations of the members of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations. 对国家面临的人道主义危机深表关切，并谴责政府不允许粮食和药品进入，以支援委内瑞拉人民。 Their serious concern about the humanitarian crisis facing the country and his condemnation of the government for not allowing the entry of food and medicine in support of the Venezuelan people. 决定继续对委内瑞拉应用美洲国家组织民主宪章。 Their decision to continue the application of the Inter-American Democratic Charter to Venezuela. 支持南方共同市场根据《乌斯怀亚议定书》的民主条款，暂停委内瑞拉的成员资格。 Their support for the decision of MERCOSUR to suspend Venezuela in application of the Ushuaia Protocol on Democratic Commitment. 决定不支持委内瑞拉在地区和国际机制及组织中的任何候选人。 Their decision not to support any Venezuelan candidacy in regional and international mechanisms and organizations. 呼吁根据《武器贸易条约》第6条和第7条，停止向委内瑞拉转移武器。 Their call to stop the transfer of arms to Venezuela in light of articles 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty. 鉴于当前情况，将要求加勒比海共同体和欧盟，推迟原定于2017年10月举行的欧盟与拉丁美洲暨加勒比海共同体峰会。 That, taking into account the current conditions, they will request the Pro Tempore Presidency of CELAC and the European Union, the postponement of the CELAC-EU Summit scheduled for October 2017. 承诺在外交部长级别密切关注委内瑞拉局势，直至该国民主得到完全恢复，并承诺在联合国大会下次会议前，至少召开一次会晤，届时可能还会有其他国家参与。 Their commitment to keep track of the situation in Venezuela, at the level of Foreign Ministers, until the full restoration of democracy in that country, and to meet no later than the next session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, an opportunity in which may be added other countries. 愿意在尊重委内瑞拉主权的前提下，紧急支持任何有可信议的谈判和善意的努力，该努力得到各方的共识，旨在和平实现该国民主的恢复。 Their willingness to urgently support, within the framework of respect for Venezuelan sovereignty, any effort of credible negotiation and good faith, which has the consensus of the parties and is aimed at peacefully achieving the restoration of democracy in the country.

2018年委内瑞拉总统选举

利马集团公开谴责该次选举，批评选举不受监督、不公正和不民主^[3]。选举举行前数日，利马集团、美国和欧盟共同要求取消选举，若非的话将会有下一步行动^[4]。选举过后，总统马杜罗巩固其地位和权力，集团的14个成员国决定召回驻委内瑞拉的大使，以示抗议^[5]^[6]。翌年1月，利马集团表示不承认马杜罗新任政府的合法性。

成员国

利马集团的各国外长在会后见记者。摄于2018年2月13日。

利马宣言由12个国家共同签署，其后亦成为集团创始成员国。十二个国家分别为：巴西、加拿大、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、巴拿马、巴拉圭和秘鲁。其后盖亚那和圣卢西亚亦加入集团^[7]。

2021年3月24日阿根廷外交部发布公告，宣布阿根廷政府正式退出“利马集团”。

观察和支援

利马集团获巴巴多斯、美国、厄瓜多尔、格林纳达、牙买加和乌拉圭支持，四国均出席了集团的首场会议。另外美洲国家组织、欧盟和委内瑞拉反对派均对集团表示支持^[8]。

利马集团亦支持了巴拿马针对委内瑞拉高官而实施的制裁，巴拿马政府一直被指为委国进行洗黑钱，支持恐怖组织和金援委国的大规模杀伤性武器。委国向巴拿马实施报复性制裁后，利马集团表示支持巴拿马^[9]。

参见

美洲玻利瓦尔联盟
孔塔多拉集团（英语：Contadora group）

参考文献

^ Grupo de Lima | América Latina. Deutsche Welle. 14 November 2017 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-22）（西班牙语）.
^ Declaration of Lima. Government of Peru. [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-22）（西班牙语）.
^ Regional neighbors call on Venezuela to cancel election. Washington Post. 2018-05-14 [2018-05-15]. ISSN 0190-8286. （原始内容存档于2018-05-15）（美国英语）.
^ Regional 'Lima Group' leaders urge Venezuela to suspend election. Reuters. [2018-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）（美国英语）.
^ Los 14 países del Grupo de Lima llaman a consultas a sus embajadores en Caracas. [2018-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-27）（西班牙语）.
^ Lima Group recalls Venezuela ambassadors, condemns vote. 21 May 2018 [21 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-16）（英语）.
^ Perú convoca al Grupo de Lima para analizar elecciones en Venezuela. El Nacional. 8 February 2018 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-12）（西班牙语）.
^ Cancilleres firmaron la Declaración de Lima - Caretas. Caretas. 3 August 2017 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-06）.
^ Grupo de Lima respalda a Panamá tras sanciones de Venezuela en su contra. [2018-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-13）（西班牙语）.

[1] Grupo de Lima | América Latina. Deutsche Welle. 14 November 2017 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-22）（西班牙语）.

[2] Declaration of Lima. Government of Peru. [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-22）（西班牙语）.

[3] Regional neighbors call on Venezuela to cancel election. Washington Post. 2018-05-14 [2018-05-15]. ISSN 0190-8286. （原始内容存档于2018-05-15）（美国英语）.

[4] Regional 'Lima Group' leaders urge Venezuela to suspend election. Reuters. [2018-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）（美国英语）.

[5] Los 14 países del Grupo de Lima llaman a consultas a sus embajadores en Caracas. [2018-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-27）（西班牙语）.

[6] Lima Group recalls Venezuela ambassadors, condemns vote. 21 May 2018 [21 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-16）（英语）.

[7] Perú convoca al Grupo de Lima para analizar elecciones en Venezuela. El Nacional. 8 February 2018 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-12）（西班牙语）.

[8] Cancilleres firmaron la Declaración de Lima - Caretas. Caretas. 3 August 2017 [15 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-06）.

[9] Grupo de Lima respalda a Panamá tras sanciones de Venezuela en su contra. [2018-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-13）（西班牙语）.

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引言建立成员国秉持民主与非干涉的愿望，希望能找到委内瑞拉危机和平解决的方法。 Establishes member states and outlines the democratic and noninterventional ambitions of the group to find a peaceful solution to the crisis in Venezuela.	《利马宣言》联合宣言 007 - 17 来自阿根廷、巴西、加拿大、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、瓜地马拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁的外交部长和代表，在2017年8月8日，于利马，就委内瑞拉的严峻局势发表了意见，并探讨以对话及和平的途径，协助该国恢复民主。 The Foreign Ministers and Representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru, meeting in the city of Lima, on 8 August 2017, to address the critical situation in Venezuela and explore ways to contribute to the restoration of democracy in that country through a peaceful and negotiated solution 受区内独有的团结精神鼓舞，并坚信充分尊重国际法准则和不干涉原则的谈判在不侵犯人权和民主下，是确保持久解决差异的唯一工具。 Encouraged by the spirit of solidarity that characterizes the region and the conviction that negotiation, with full respect for the norms of international law and the principle of nonintervention, does not violate human rights and democracy, and is the only tool that ensures a lasting solution to the differences;
宣言标志利马集团的定位与在委内瑞拉危机中的目标 Highlights the positions and goals of the Lima Group regarding the crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela.	They declare: 谴责委内瑞拉民主秩序的崩溃 Their condemnation of the breakdown of democratic order in Venezuela. 基于制宪大会的非法本质，利马集团决定不承认制宪大会及其作为。 Their decision not to recognize the National Constituent Assembly, nor the acts emanating from it, due to its illegitimate nature. 利马集团完全支持民主选出的全国代表大会。 Their full support and solidarity with the National Assembly, democratically elected. 根据宪法要求全国代表大会授权的法律行为，只有在该大会批准后才会被承认。 Legal acts that according to the Constitution require authorization from the National Assembly, will only be recognized when said Assembly has approved them. 坚决拒绝使用暴力或任何涉及使用武力的选项。 Their energetic rejection of violence and any option that involves the use of force. 支持并与委内瑞拉的总检察长和公共部门成员团结一致，并要求履行国际美洲人权委员会发布的预防措施。 Their support and solidarity with the Attorney General and the members of the Public Ministry of Venezuela and demand the application of the precautionary measures issued by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 谴责系统性侵犯人权和基本自由、暴力、镇压和政治迫害，谴责政治犯的存在以及缺乏独立国际观察下的自由选举。 Their condemnation of the systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, of violence, repression and political persecution, the existence of political prisoners and the lack of free elections under independent international observation. 指出委内瑞拉未遵守联合国人权理事会的要求或义务。 That Venezuela does not comply with the requirements or obligations of the members of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations. 对国家面临的人道主义危机深表关切，并谴责政府不允许粮食和药品进入，以支援委内瑞拉人民。 Their serious concern about the humanitarian crisis facing the country and his condemnation of the government for not allowing the entry of food and medicine in support of the Venezuelan people. 决定继续对委内瑞拉应用美洲国家组织民主宪章。 Their decision to continue the application of the Inter-American Democratic Charter to Venezuela. 支持南方共同市场根据《乌斯怀亚议定书》的民主条款，暂停委内瑞拉的成员资格。 Their support for the decision of MERCOSUR to suspend Venezuela in application of the Ushuaia Protocol on Democratic Commitment. 决定不支持委内瑞拉在地区和国际机制及组织中的任何候选人。 Their decision not to support any Venezuelan candidacy in regional and international mechanisms and organizations. 呼吁根据《武器贸易条约》第6条和第7条，停止向委内瑞拉转移武器。 Their call to stop the transfer of arms to Venezuela in light of articles 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty. 鉴于当前情况，将要求加勒比海共同体和欧盟，推迟原定于2017年10月举行的欧盟与拉丁美洲暨加勒比海共同体峰会。 That, taking into account the current conditions, they will request the Pro Tempore Presidency of CELAC and the European Union, the postponement of the CELAC-EU Summit scheduled for October 2017. 承诺在外交部长级别密切关注委内瑞拉局势，直至该国民主得到完全恢复，并承诺在联合国大会下次会议前，至少召开一次会晤，届时可能还会有其他国家参与。 Their commitment to keep track of the situation in Venezuela, at the level of Foreign Ministers, until the full restoration of democracy in that country, and to meet no later than the next session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, an opportunity in which may be added other countries. 愿意在尊重委内瑞拉主权的前提下，紧急支持任何有可信议的谈判和善意的努力，该努力得到各方的共识，旨在和平实现该国民主的恢复。 Their willingness to urgently support, within the framework of respect for Venezuelan sovereignty, any effort of credible negotiation and good faith, which has the consensus of the parties and is aimed at peacefully achieving the restoration of democracy in the country.

利马集团 Grupo de Lima The Lima Group
成员国
官方语言	英语西班牙语葡萄牙语
类型	政府间组织（英语：Intergovernmental organization）
成员	14个成员国阿根廷巴西加拿大智利哥伦比亚哥斯达黎加危地马拉圭亚那洪都拉斯墨西哥巴拿马巴拉圭秘鲁圣卢西亚
成立	秘鲁利马

• 利马宣言	2017年8月8日 (2017-08-08)