恒星之书

恒星之书（阿拉伯语：كتاب صور الكواكب‎kitab suwar al-kawakib）是天文学家阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·苏菲于西元964年撰写的书^[1]。虽然作者是波斯人，但这本书是用阿拉伯文书写。他试图将托勒密的《天文学大成》（第七册和第八册）和阿拉伯传统天文学原本的星座综合成星表。

这本书详细说明和叙述对恒星的观察，它们的位置（从托勒密的《天文学大成》复制过来，而因为岁差的缘故，经度增加了12° 42'）、星等（亮度）和颜色。如同托勒密的天文学大成是以星座，他的研究结果也是以星座来呈现。对每一个星座，他提供了两个图形，一张是从内向外观看天球，另一张是从外向内观看天球。

这项工作有很大的影响力，因而有许多手稿和翻译本幸存下来。现存最古老的手稿保存在博德利图书馆，并且是作者儿子在1009年的手稿。在大英图书馆中有一份13世纪的复制品。

他所描述的小云，实际上是对仙女座星系最早的描述和插画。他把它说成是躺在一条大鱼的嘴前，这是一个阿拉伯的星座。很可能在905年之前，伊斯法罕的天文学家就都已经熟知这朵"云"的存在^[2]。大小麦哲伦星云最早的纪录，也出自"恒星之书" ^[3]^[4]。这些都是在银河系之外最早从地球观察到的星系。他观察到的仙女座大星系也是第一个真正不同于星团的星云。^[5]。

他可能还将船帆座o 星团归类为"朦胧之星"，此外还有狐狸座的"模糊物件"，现在被称为苏菲的星团、"衣架星群"、布洛契星团或Collinder 399^[5]。此外，他提到了两个麦哲伦云，而它们从伊拉克与内志看不到，但从帖哈麦可以看见；而且它们被称为"母牛"（al-Baqar）。

这本书没有发表过英文的译本，但在1874年被Hans Schjellerup（英语：Hans Schjellerup）译成法文^[6]。迄2012年3月，澳洲唐斯维詹姆士库克大学的Ihsan Hafez在筹备中^[7]。

版本

Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in Notices et extraits des manuscrits XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f.
H.C.F.C. Schjellerup, Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, St. Petersburg, 1874. Complete French translation from two late mss., with selected portions in Arabic.
Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta, edited from five mss., and accompanied by the Orǰūza of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter).
Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg’s library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969.
Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972.
The star nomenclature of the Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, "Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina", in Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in Revista de filología española 12, 1925, pp. 52f.
The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht, I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento, Saragossa, 1965.

参考资料

^ صور الكواكب‎ or Book of the constellations, or fixed stars Library of Congress. World Digital Library.
^ Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1998: 18. ISBN 0-943396-58-1.
^ Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi). [2007-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-16）.
^ Observatoire de Paris (LMC). [2007-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-22）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Kenneth Glyn Jones, Messier's nebulae and star clusters, Cambridge University Press: 1, 1991, ISBN 0-521-37079-5
^ Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne. Άbdul-Ramān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: a journey of re-discovery. Orchiston, Wayne (编). Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. New York: Springer. 2011: 121–138. ISBN 978-1-4419-8161-5.
^ O'Brien, Jim. JCU researcher seeks inspiration in the stars. News and Media. Townsville, Queensland: James Cook University. 15 March 2012 [8 July 2012]. （原始内容存档于26 November 2012）.

Paul Kunitzsch, The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and Their Influence in Medieval Europe (Variorum Reprint, Cs307)
Paul Kunitzsch, Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Wiesbaden, 1959, pp. 230f.
Paul Kunitzsch, "Ṣūfī Latinus", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft, 115, 1965, pp. 65–74.
Paul Kunitzsch, "Al-Ṣūfī" in: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XIII, New York, 1976, pp. 149–50.
J. Upton, "A Manuscript of “The Book of the Fixed Stars” by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī", Metropolitan Museum Studies, 4, 1933, pp. 179–97.
E. Wellesz, An Islamic Book of Constellations, Oxford, 1965.
H. J. J. Winter, "Notes on al-Kitab Suwar Al-Kawakib", Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, 8, 1955, pp. 126–33.

外部链接

Bodleian copy of Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah (Book of fixed Stars) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Biography of Al Sufi （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Copy (dated c. 1730) of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed Stars （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Ulugh Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 in www.atlascoelestis.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Pergamenthandschrift M II 141 in www.atlascoelestis.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
A page about Muslim Astronomers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Al-Sufi's constellations （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - includes a detailed bibliography and a list of all known manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Fixed Stars.
Illustrations from Book of Fixed Stars (Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita) by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Moya Carey, Painting the Stars in a Century of Change: A thirteenth-century copy of al-Sufi's "Treatise on the Fixed Stars" - British Library Or.5323 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] صور الكواكب‎ or Book of the constellations, or fixed stars Library of Congress. World Digital Library.

[NSOG-2] Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1998: 18. ISBN 0-943396-58-1.

[obspm-3] Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi). [2007-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-16）.

[obspm2-4] Observatoire de Paris (LMC). [2007-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-22）.

[Jones-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kenneth Glyn Jones, Messier's nebulae and star clusters, Cambridge University Press: 1, 1991, ISBN 0-521-37079-5

[Hafez11-6] Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne. Άbdul-Ramān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: a journey of re-discovery. Orchiston, Wayne (编). Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. New York: Springer. 2011: 121–138. ISBN 978-1-4419-8161-5.

[7] O'Brien, Jim. JCU researcher seeks inspiration in the stars. News and Media. Townsville, Queensland: James Cook University. 15 March 2012 [8 July 2012]. （原始内容存档于26 November 2012）.

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