恆星之書
此條目翻譯品質不佳。 (2018年5月17日) |
恆星之書(阿拉伯語:كتاب صور الكواكبkitab suwar al-kawakib)是天文學家阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·蘇菲於西元964年撰寫的書[1]。雖然作者是波斯人,但這本書是用阿拉伯文書寫。他試圖將托勒密的《天文學大成》(第七冊和第八冊)和阿拉伯傳統天文學原本的星座綜合成星表。
這本書詳細說明和敘述對恆星的觀察,它們的位置(從托勒密的《天文學大成》複製過來,而因為歲差的緣故,經度增加了12° 42')、星等(亮度)和顏色。如同托勒密的天文學大成是以星座,他的研究結果也是以星座來呈現。對每一個星座,他提供了兩個圖形,一張是從內向外觀看天球,另一張是從外向內觀看天球。
這項工作有很大的影響力,因而有許多手稿和翻譯本倖存下來。現存最古老的手稿保存在博德利圖書館,並且是作者兒子在1009年的手稿。在大英圖書館中有一份13世紀的複製品。
他所描述的小雲,實際上是對仙女座星系最早的描述和插畫。他把它說成是躺在一條大魚的嘴前,這是一個阿拉伯的星座。很可能在905年之前,伊斯法罕的天文學家就都已經熟知這朵"雲"的存在[2]。 大小麥哲倫星雲最早的紀錄,也出自"恆星之書" [3][4]。這些都是在銀河系之外最早從地球觀察到的星系。他觀察到的仙女座大星系也是第一個真正不同於星團的星雲。[5]。
他可能還將船帆座o星團歸類為"朦朧之星",此外還有狐狸座的"模糊物件",現在被稱為蘇菲的星團、"衣架星群"、布洛契星團或Collinder 399[5]。此外,他提到了兩個麥哲倫雲,而它們從伊拉克與內志看不到,但從帖哈麥可以看見;而且它們被稱為"母牛"(al-Baqar)。
這本書沒有發表過英文的譯本,但在1874年被Hans Schjellerup譯成法文[6]。迄2012年3月,澳洲唐斯維詹姆士庫克大學的Ihsan Hafez在籌備中[7]。
版本
編輯- Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in Notices et extraits des manuscrits XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f.
- H.C.F.C. Schjellerup, Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), St. Petersburg, 1874. Complete French translation from two late mss., with selected portions in Arabic.
- Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta, edited from five mss., and accompanied by the Orǰūza of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter).
- Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg’s library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969.
- Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972.
- The star nomenclature of the Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, "Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina", in Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in Revista de filología española 12, 1925, pp. 52f.
- The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht, I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento, Saragossa, 1965.
參考資料
編輯- ^ صور الكواكب or Book of the constellations, or fixed stars Library of Congress. World Digital Library.
- ^ Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1998: 18. ISBN 0-943396-58-1.
- ^ Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi). [2007-04-19]. (原始內容存檔於2007-04-16).
- ^ Observatoire de Paris (LMC). [2007-04-19]. (原始內容存檔於2017-06-22).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Kenneth Glyn Jones, Messier's nebulae and star clusters, Cambridge University Press: 1, 1991, ISBN 0-521-37079-5
- ^ Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne. Άbdul-Ramān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: a journey of re-discovery. Orchiston, Wayne (編). Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. New York: Springer. 2011: 121–138. ISBN 978-1-4419-8161-5.
- ^ O'Brien, Jim. JCU researcher seeks inspiration in the stars. News and Media. Townsville, Queensland: James Cook University. 15 March 2012 [8 July 2012]. (原始內容存檔於26 November 2012).
- Paul Kunitzsch, The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and Their Influence in Medieval Europe (Variorum Reprint, Cs307)
- Paul Kunitzsch, Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Wiesbaden, 1959, pp. 230f.
- Paul Kunitzsch, "Ṣūfī Latinus", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft, 115, 1965, pp. 65–74.
- Paul Kunitzsch, "Al-Ṣūfī" in: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XIII, New York, 1976, pp. 149–50.
- J. Upton, "A Manuscript of 「The Book of the Fixed Stars」 by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī", Metropolitan Museum Studies, 4, 1933, pp. 179–97.
- E. Wellesz, An Islamic Book of Constellations, Oxford, 1965.
- H. J. J. Winter, "Notes on al-Kitab Suwar Al-Kawakib", Archives Internationales d』Histoire des Sciences, 8, 1955, pp. 126–33.
外部連結
編輯- Bodleian copy of Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah (Book of fixed Stars) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Biography of Al Sufi (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Copy (dated c. 1730) of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed Stars (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Ulugh Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 in www.atlascoelestis.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Pergamenthandschrift M II 141 in www.atlascoelestis.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- A page about Muslim Astronomers (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Al-Sufi's constellations (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) - includes a detailed bibliography and a list of all known manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Fixed Stars.
- Illustrations from Book of Fixed Stars (Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita) by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Moya Carey, Painting the Stars in a Century of Change: A thirteenth-century copy of al-Sufi's "Treatise on the Fixed Stars" - British Library Or.5323 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)