抚仙湖虫

抚仙湖虫属; 化石时期：寒武纪前期, 516–513 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	抚仙湖虫的化石
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
演化支：	†次足类 Deuteropoda
目：	†抚仙湖虫目 Fuxianhuiida
科：	†抚仙湖虫科 Fuxianhuiidae
属：	†抚仙湖虫属 Fuxianhuia; Hou, 1987
模式种
	延长抚仙湖虫; Fuxianhuia protensa; Hou, 1987
其他物种
	小石坝抚仙湖虫 F. xiaoshibaensis; Yang et al., 2013;

抚仙湖虫（属名：Fuxianhuia）是生存于寒武纪第三期的原始海生节肢动物，也是已知最早具有心血管系统的生物^[3]，化石发现于中国云南的昆明和玉溪，属名即来自首次化石记录的所在地玉溪抚仙湖，是澂江生物群的代表生物之一。^[4]

描述

抚仙湖虫成虫体长10公分，有31个体节，外骨骼分为头、胸、腹三部分，背、腹分节数目不一致，与泥盆纪直虾类化石类似，而直虾是现代昆虫的祖先，这间接表明了抚仙湖虫是昆虫的远祖。抚仙湖虫消化道充满泥沙，这表明它是食泥的动物。^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

分布

抚仙湖虫的化石分布广泛，位于云南省玉溪市澂江县东6公里的帽天山附近的帽天山化石带，呈带状蜿蜒分布，这条分布带长20公里，宽4.5公里，埋藏深度在50公尺以上。

参考文献

^ Yang, J.; Ortega-Hernández, J.; Butterfield, N. J.; Zhang, X.-G. Specialized appendages in fuxianhuiids and the head organization of early euarthropods. Nature. 2013, 494 (7438): 468–471 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature11874. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）.
^ 侯先光. 雲南澄江早寒武世三個新的大型節肢動物. 古生物学报. 1987, 26: 272–285. ISSN 0001-6616.
^ Ma, X.-Y.; Cong, P.-Y.; Hou, X.-G.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. An exceptionally preserved arthropod cardiovascular system from the early Cambrian. Nature Communications. 2013, 494: 3560 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms4560. （原始内容存档于2019-08-23）.
^ Dunham, Will. Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system. Reuters. [2017-07-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-18）.
^ Chen, JY; Edgecombe, G. D.; Ramsköld, L.; Zhou, L. Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. Science. 1995, 268 (5215): 1339–1343. PMID 17778981. doi:10.1126/science.268.5215.1339.
^ Waloszek, D.; Chen, J.; Maas, A.; Wang, X. Early Cambrian arthropods – new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution. Arthropod Structure and Development. 2005, 34 (2): 189–205. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.005.
^ Scholtz, G.; Edgecombe, G. D. The evolution of arthropod heads: reconciling morphological, developmental and palaeontological evidence. Development, Genes and Evolution. 2006, 216 (7–8): 395–415. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0085-4.
^ Ma, X.; Hou, X.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. Complex brain and optic lobes in an early Cambrian arthropod. Nature. 2012, 490 (7419): 258–261. PMID 23060195. doi:10.1038/nature11495.
^ Strausfeld, quoted in Will Dunham, "Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system", Yahoo Bews, 7 April 2014 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: accessed 7 April 2014.

[Yang-1] Yang, J.; Ortega-Hernández, J.; Butterfield, N. J.; Zhang, X.-G. Specialized appendages in fuxianhuiids and the head organization of early euarthropods. Nature. 2013, 494 (7438): 468–471 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature11874. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）.

[Hou-2] 侯先光. 雲南澄江早寒武世三個新的大型節肢動物. 古生物学报. 1987, 26: 272–285. ISSN 0001-6616.

[Ma-3] Ma, X.-Y.; Cong, P.-Y.; Hou, X.-G.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. An exceptionally preserved arthropod cardiovascular system from the early Cambrian. Nature Communications. 2013, 494: 3560 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms4560. （原始内容存档于2019-08-23）.

[Reuters-4] Dunham, Will. Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system. Reuters. [2017-07-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-18）.

[Chen,_J_1343-5] Chen, JY; Edgecombe, G. D.; Ramsköld, L.; Zhou, L. Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. Science. 1995, 268 (5215): 1339–1343. PMID 17778981. doi:10.1126/science.268.5215.1339.

[Waloszek,_D._2005-6] Waloszek, D.; Chen, J.; Maas, A.; Wang, X. Early Cambrian arthropods – new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution. Arthropod Structure and Development. 2005, 34 (2): 189–205. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.005.

[7] Scholtz, G.; Edgecombe, G. D. The evolution of arthropod heads: reconciling morphological, developmental and palaeontological evidence. Development, Genes and Evolution. 2006, 216 (7–8): 395–415. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0085-4.

[strausfeld2012-8] Ma, X.; Hou, X.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. Complex brain and optic lobes in an early Cambrian arthropod. Nature. 2012, 490 (7419): 258–261. PMID 23060195. doi:10.1038/nature11495.

[9] Strausfeld, quoted in Will Dunham, "Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system", Yahoo Bews, 7 April 2014 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: accessed 7 April 2014.

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