撫仙湖蟲

撫仙湖蟲屬; 化石時期：寒武紀前期, 516–513 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	撫仙湖蟲的化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
演化支：	†次足類 Deuteropoda
目：	†撫仙湖蟲目 Fuxianhuiida
科：	†撫仙湖蟲科 Fuxianhuiidae
屬：	†撫仙湖蟲屬 Fuxianhuia; Hou, 1987
模式種
	延長撫仙湖蟲; Fuxianhuia protensa; Hou, 1987
其他物種
	小石壩撫仙湖蟲 F. xiaoshibaensis; Yang et al., 2013;

撫仙湖蟲（屬名：Fuxianhuia）是生存於寒武紀第三期的原始海生節肢動物，也是已知最早具有心血管系統的生物^[3]，化石發現於中國雲南的昆明和玉溪，屬名即來自首次化石記錄的所在地玉溪撫仙湖，是澂江生物群的代表生物之一。^[4]

描述

撫仙湖蟲成蟲體長10公分，有31個體節，外骨骼分為頭、胸、腹三部分，背、腹分節數目不一致，與泥盆紀直蝦類化石類似，而直蝦是現代昆蟲的祖先，這間接表明了撫仙湖蟲是昆蟲的遠祖。撫仙湖蟲消化道充滿泥沙，這表明牠是食泥的動物。^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

分布

撫仙湖蟲的化石分佈廣泛，位於雲南省玉溪市澂江縣東6公里的帽天山附近的帽天山化石帶，呈帶狀蜿蜒分佈，這條分佈帶長20公里，寬4.5公里，埋藏深度在50公尺以上。

參考文獻

^ Yang, J.; Ortega-Hernández, J.; Butterfield, N. J.; Zhang, X.-G. Specialized appendages in fuxianhuiids and the head organization of early euarthropods. Nature. 2013, 494 (7438): 468–471 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature11874. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-22）.
^ 侯先光. 雲南澄江早寒武世三個新的大型節肢動物. 古生物學報. 1987, 26: 272–285. ISSN 0001-6616.
^ Ma, X.-Y.; Cong, P.-Y.; Hou, X.-G.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. An exceptionally preserved arthropod cardiovascular system from the early Cambrian. Nature Communications. 2013, 494: 3560 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms4560. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-23）.
^ Dunham, Will. Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system. Reuters. [2017-07-22]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-18）.
^ Chen, JY; Edgecombe, G. D.; Ramsköld, L.; Zhou, L. Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. Science. 1995, 268 (5215): 1339–1343. PMID 17778981. doi:10.1126/science.268.5215.1339.
^ Waloszek, D.; Chen, J.; Maas, A.; Wang, X. Early Cambrian arthropods – new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution. Arthropod Structure and Development. 2005, 34 (2): 189–205. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.005.
^ Scholtz, G.; Edgecombe, G. D. The evolution of arthropod heads: reconciling morphological, developmental and palaeontological evidence. Development, Genes and Evolution. 2006, 216 (7–8): 395–415. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0085-4.
^ Ma, X.; Hou, X.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. Complex brain and optic lobes in an early Cambrian arthropod. Nature. 2012, 490 (7419): 258–261. PMID 23060195. doi:10.1038/nature11495.
^ Strausfeld, quoted in Will Dunham, "Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system", Yahoo Bews, 7 April 2014 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）: accessed 7 April 2014.

[Yang-1] Yang, J.; Ortega-Hernández, J.; Butterfield, N. J.; Zhang, X.-G. Specialized appendages in fuxianhuiids and the head organization of early euarthropods. Nature. 2013, 494 (7438): 468–471 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature11874. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-22）.

[Hou-2] 侯先光. 雲南澄江早寒武世三個新的大型節肢動物. 古生物學報. 1987, 26: 272–285. ISSN 0001-6616.

[Ma-3] Ma, X.-Y.; Cong, P.-Y.; Hou, X.-G.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. An exceptionally preserved arthropod cardiovascular system from the early Cambrian. Nature Communications. 2013, 494: 3560 [2019-06-26]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms4560. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-23）.

[Reuters-4] Dunham, Will. Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system. Reuters. [2017-07-22]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-18）.

[Chen,_J_1343-5] Chen, JY; Edgecombe, G. D.; Ramsköld, L.; Zhou, L. Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. Science. 1995, 268 (5215): 1339–1343. PMID 17778981. doi:10.1126/science.268.5215.1339.

[Waloszek,_D._2005-6] Waloszek, D.; Chen, J.; Maas, A.; Wang, X. Early Cambrian arthropods – new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution. Arthropod Structure and Development. 2005, 34 (2): 189–205. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.005.

[7] Scholtz, G.; Edgecombe, G. D. The evolution of arthropod heads: reconciling morphological, developmental and palaeontological evidence. Development, Genes and Evolution. 2006, 216 (7–8): 395–415. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0085-4.

[strausfeld2012-8] Ma, X.; Hou, X.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Strausfeld, N. J. Complex brain and optic lobes in an early Cambrian arthropod. Nature. 2012, 490 (7419): 258–261. PMID 23060195. doi:10.1038/nature11495.

[9] Strausfeld, quoted in Will Dunham, "Sea creature fossil found with oldest-known cardiovascular system", Yahoo Bews, 7 April 2014 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）: accessed 7 April 2014.

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