新地探险
新地探险(英语:the Terra Nova Expedition),正式名称英国南极地区考察(英语:the British Antarctic Expedition),是在1910年与1913年之间一场前往南极洲的考察活动。该考察由罗伯特·史考特率领并订有多重科学及地理研究目标。史考特希望延续1901至04年间的探险行动中他在南极地区开始的科学工作;同时,他也希望率先抵达地理上的南极点。他与四位同伴在1912年1月18日抵达南极点,并发现阿蒙森南极探险队在34天前先抵达当地。史考特一行于回程途中全部罹难;其中一些人的遗体、日记及照片被一个搜救队在8个月后寻获。
该考察行动命名自其补给船,为一私人探险活动;该活动乃由英国政府补助增加的公共捐款资助。英国海军部也支持了该行动;该部借出多位经验丰富的海员参与考察。此外,皇家地理学会也支持了该考察行动。该考察行动的科学家团队进行了一场综合性的科学计划,其他团队则探索了维多利亚地及西部山脉。但是,一个登陆及探索爱德华七世地的尝试被宣告失败。1911年6月及7月一场前往克罗泽角的旅程是首个在南极深冬进行的长时间雪橇旅程。
早年,史考特及其团队的悲剧英雄地位并未引起太多质疑争论;但是,在20世纪末叶,该考察行动开始被仔细检视,关于其组织及管理的许多批评性观点也被提出。近来,关于史考特及某些团队成员的过失究责仍存有争议。
参考资料
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